STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON LAKE MANZALA ECOSYSTEM IN PORT-SAID, DAMIETTA AND DAKAHLIA GOVERNORATES, EGYPT

EL-KHAYAT, HANAA M.M.; MAHMOUD, KADRIA M.A.; GABER, HANAN S.; ABDEL-HAMID, HODA; ABU TALEB, HODA M.A.

doi:10.21608/jesp.2015.89730

STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF POLLUTION ON LAKE MANZALA ECOSYSTEM IN PORT-SAID, DAMIETTA AND DAKAHLIA GOVERNORATES, EGYPT

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Environmental Researches and Medical Malacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza, Egypt.

² National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt.

10.21608/jesp.2015.89730

Abstract

This work studied how pollution impacts the ecosystem of Lake Manzala by determination of physicochemical parameters, studying biodiversity of aquatic plants and macroinvertebrates, and determining bioaccumulation of Pb, Cu, Cd & Zn in some major organisms, Biomphalaria alexandrina and Melanoides tuberculata snails and Oreochromis niloticus fish. The more near to Mediterranean Sea and to the industrial area, Port-Said and Damietta sites showed higher dissolved oxygen and conductivity than Dakahlia sites. Distribution percentage of Eichhornia crassipes is high among Port-Said and Dakahlia sites of 100 and 88 %, respectively, while Lemna giba is the most abundant among Damietta sites of 60%. The maximum macroinvertebrate taxa richness was obtained at Gammalya, Dakahlia of 16 species while the maximum abundance was registered at Annanya, Damietta of 591 organisms. Gastropoda are the most distributed organisms in Lake Manzala followed by Hemiptera and Plecoptera then shrimps and scud. All the medically important snails, B. alexandrina, B. truncatus and L. natalensis were recorded in Dakahlia, but only B. alexandrina was in Damietta and Port-Said sites. The collected water samples from Damietta sites showed the highest significant Cu & Cd concentration while Port-Said samples showed the highest Pb concentration and Dakahlia showed the highest Zn concentration. The metals concentrations were higher in snail tissue and in fish liver, kidney and most of muscle samples as compared in surface water. The higher metal bioaccumulation was determined in snails collected from sites showed higher water metals concentrations. Fish muscle showed the least residues than liver and kidney for all the measured metals. Pb and Cd were more accumulated in kidneys, Cu was more accumulated in liver and Zn was accumulated in all examined fish parts in descending order as follows Kidney >liver > muscle.

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