A RVIEW ON TOXOPLASMOSIS IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt

2 Consultant of Gastroenterology, Air Forces General Hospital, Cairo, 11779

3 Consultant of Public Health, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, 11291

4 Consultant of Clinical Pathology, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, 11291

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite of worldwide dis
tribution infects birds and mammals including man, where T. gondii can last long periods up to 
the lifetime. Felids are the only definitive hosts in which the parasite may undergo sexual repro
duction. Human acquired infection by ingestion of undercooked meat containing cysts, ingestion 
of oocysts dropped cat feces with contaminated hands, food, or fruits, or vegetables, or soil, or 
water, and/or by organ transplantation or blood transfusion as well as congenital transplacental 
transmission. In the immuno-competent patients, T. gondii manifests as acute and chronic forms. 
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) a virus attacks body’s immune system, and spreads from 
patient's body fluids as blood, breast milk, semen, and vaginal fluids or from a mother to her ba
by. AIDS is the most HIV advanced stage. 

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