The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS AMONG ORANG ASLI SCHOOLCHILDREN IN POS SENDERUT, PAHANG, MALAYSIA5615689327810.21608/jesp.2013.93278ENTALALAL-HARAZIDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Taiz University,
Yemen.MOHAMED KAMELABD GHANIDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied and
Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.HIDAYATULFATHIOTHMANDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied and
Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Journal Article20200603The current study determined the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among the Orang Asli schoolchildren in Pos Senderut, Pahang, Malaysia. The overall intestinal protozoan infection rate was 85% (261 out of 307). The highest<br />prevalence rates were due to Entamoeba coli (24.4%), Giardia lamblia (21.8%), Blastocystis hominis (21.2%) and Entamoeba histolytica (15.0%). The prevalence of Iodamoeba butschlii was only 2.9%. Among the positive samples, mixed infection with B. hominis and E. histolytica was 3.3%, B. hominis and G. lamblia was 2.9%, G. lamblia and E. histolytica was 2.0% and triple infections (B. hominis, G. lamblia and E. histolytica) was 1.0 %. The prevalence of the infection was high in all age groups (6-14 years old). Thus, we can conclude that intestinal protozoan infections are still representing a serious public health problem in aboriginal communities, especially among children.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201DETERMINATION OF SEROPOSITIVITY FOR TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN SHEEP, GOATS AND CAMELS SLAUGHTERED FOR FOOD AND HUMAN CONSUMPTIONS IN RIYADH MUNICIPAL ABATTOIRS, SAUDI ARABIA5695769328110.21608/jesp.2013.93281ENABDULLAH D.ALANAZIDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities,
Shaqra University, P.O. Box 1040 Ad-Dawadimi 11911, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20200603Serum samples from 891 sheep, 555 goats and 182 camels slaughtered for food and human consumption from three main municipal abattoirs in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia were tested for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 36.4% (325/891) sheep and 35.3% (196/555) goats and 23.6% (43/182) camels, at a dilution of 1:32 or more for goats and sheep and 1:64 or more for camels. There was no significant difference in infection between sheep, goats and camels in Riyadh City (P>0.05). The results indicated that T. gondii antibodies were wide-spread in the animal populations for human consumption and welfare, and that toxoplasmosis is a widely spread zoonotic infection in Riyadh City.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201PRESENT SITUATION OF SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM INFECTION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN IN SOME AREAS OF QUALYOBIA GOVERNORATE-EGYPT5775899328310.21608/jesp.2013.93283ENGHADA S.ABDEL-MOTALEBDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Benha
University, Benha, Egypt.AZZA S.EL-GHAREEBDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha
University, Benha, Egypt.NAGWA S. M.ALYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha
University, Benha, Egypt.NOURAN A.SALAMAJournal Article20200603The current study determined the present situation of urinary schistosomia - sis among primary school children in some areas of Qualyobia governorate in Egypt using different diagnostic methods, and to study the effect of Schistosoma haematobium infection on growth parameters of the affected children. The Results showed that The prevalence rate of S. haematobium infection among school children was 5.3% (32/600-child). The infection was more prevalent in males (7.3%) than females (3.1%). The mean age of children was 9.0±1.76. All infected children showed hindered growth parameter in comparison to corresponding children (low height, weight and body mass index (BMI) for age Z-score).<br />Water contact activities were more frequent in males than females (P<0.001). The dipstick test specificity was 96.4% (versus 96.7% by microscopic examination) and the sensitivity was 88.2% (versus 76.5% by microscopic examination), which was statistically significant (P<0.001).The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201HISTOLOGICAL AND PCR XENOMONITORING OF CULICINE MOSQUITOES FOR FILARIAL INFESTATION IN SOHAG GOVERNORATE, UPPER EGYPT5916009328910.21608/jesp.2013.93289ENREFAAT M.A.KHALIFADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.NADA A.EL-NADIDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,
Sohag University, Egypt.AMAL M.AHMEDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,
Sohag University, Egypt.FATEN A.HASSANDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,
Sohag University, Egypt.Journal Article20200603The nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi; the principal etiologic agents of lymphatic filariasis are mosquito dependant in the biological transmission. Dirofilariasis is essentially a disease of canines which can also be transmitted to humans by culicine mosquitoes. The present work studied the histological and PCR xenomonitoring filarial infestation in culicine mosquitoes in Sohag Governorate. One hundred female mosquitoes of the 5 culicine spesies present in the selected localities, were dissected and histological sections of thoracic muscles were examined for filarial larvae. Also 50 female Culex pipiens molestus were collected from the same areas and tested for 3 filarial worms using PCR. Cx. pipiens molestus was the only culcine mosquito harbouring larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria spp. Results were compared and it was found that PCR proved easier to do and it gave better data as it was able to differentiate dirofilarial species. The results indicated a clear success of health authorities in anti-filariasis control measures and pointed out to avoid the hazard of possible occurrence of future cases of human dirofilariasis in Sohag Governorate.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201THE INFANTILE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS: COULD IT ATTACK EGYPTIAN NORTH COASTAL REGION AGAIN?6016089329410.21608/jesp.2013.93294ENMAMDOUH M.EL-BAHNASAWYMilitary Medical Academy, Egypt.GABR M. SAYEDAHMEDDepartment of Public Health and Hygiene,
Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.WAFAA ALY I.GABERHead of Nurses, Alexandria
Armed Forces Hospital, Egypt.TOSSON A.MORSYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,
Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200603Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by three species of the L. donovani complex: L. donovani, L. infantum, and L. chagasi. Infections with these organisms are often asymptomatic or very mild, but in a minority of individuals there is progression to severe symptomatic disease. This is associated with spread of the infection throughout the reticuloendothelial system. L. infantum typically affect children below the age of 5 years. However, IVL can also occur in immunosuppressed adults,<br />such as transplant recipients and patients receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy or patients suffering from chronic intestinal schistosomiasis. IVL was encountered in Al-Agamy, Alexandria on 1983 with Phlebotomus langeroni. This vector is still abundant with low density away from Al-Agamy. Urbanization of the north coastal area in the vicinity of Alexandria changes the ecological status but how does it affect the behavior of sandflies; mainly the IVL vector Phlebotomus langeroni? Many employees and their families return home from Libya with fever with or without other accompanying symptoms. Fever can be a manifestation of a minor, self-limited process or can herald a progressive, lifethreatening<br />illness. The detection of Phlebotomus langeroni in El-Hamam City, Sedi Barany City, and Matrooh City and the abundance P. papatasii in these three cities in addition to Al Agamy must be taken into consideration of the Public Health Authority.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201UMBILICAL HERNIA IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS: OUTCOME OF ELECTIVE REPAIR6096169329610.21608/jesp.2013.93296ENADELLASHEENDepartments of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt.HATEM M.NASERDepartments of Anesthesia & ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt.AHMEDABOHASSANDepartment of Internal Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt.Journal Article20200603Cirrhotic patients with umbilical hernia have an increased likelihood of complications following repair. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of elective umbilical hernia repair in cirrhotic patients. Fifty patients having uncomplicated umbilical hernia with a cirrhotic liver were studied prospectively. These patients divided into three groups’ according to Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) classification. After management of coagulopathy, correction of hypoalbuminaemia and electrolytes imbalance, and control of ascites, all patients underwent elective hernia repair under regional anesthesia. A comparison was made between the three groups as regard the size of the defect in the linea Alba, operative time, postoperative morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay, time of return to daily life and postoperative changes in liver function tests (LFTS) in relation to the regional anesthesia applied. hernioplasty was done under spinal anesthesia in 13 patients (26%), under epidural anesthesia in 10 patients (20%), under intercostal nerve block in 7 patients (14%), and under local anesthesia in 20 patients (40%). There was an increased safety (less changes in LFTS) in cases done under local anesthesia and intercostal nerve block. The overall complications rate was 30%. There was an increased complications rate towards the decompensated cases. The differences in the mean length of hospital stay and mean time of return to daily life are statistically significant between the three groups. Umbilical hernia recurrence rate was 2% and no mortality was reported in the study groups.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201PREVALENCE OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS6176289329710.21608/jesp.2013.93297ENSAYED FAROUKMOHAMEDDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, AL-Azhar University,
Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200603Thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count less than 150.000/mm3. It is a common finding in subjects with chronic hepatitis as HCV antibody-positive individuals are 2.6 times more likely to have a low platelet count than those who are<br />HCV-antibody negative. However, controversy still exists concerning the mechanism of HCV-associated thrombocytopenia<br />This work studied the thrombocytopenia prevalence in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV. Data of 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C presented to Tropical Medicine department, Al-Azhar University, included full history, clinical assessment, laboratory investigations (complete blood count, liver biochemical profile, kidney function tests and PCR), abdominal ultrasound and liver biopsy. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia among patients was 24/100 (24%), mild<br />thrombocytopenia was the commonest grade (17%) then moderate one (6%) and lastly severe thrombocytopenia (1%). Thrombocytopenia significantly occurred more in older ages with high AST and ALT levels. The prevalence of thrombocytopenia significantly increased with abnormality liver Echopattern and with the progress of fibrosis and activity in liver biopsy.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS PREDISPOSING TO HUMAN SKIN CANCER: FORTY YEARS LOCAL AND REGIONAL STUDIES6296489329810.21608/jesp.2013.93298ENTOSSON A.MORSYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University,
Cairo 11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200603Different types of association between leishmaniasis and cancer were established: leishmaniasis mimicking a malignant disorder, such as lymphoma; leishmaniasis arising as a difficult to diagnose and treat infection among patients receiving<br />chemotherapy for various malignant disorders; simultaneous diagnosis of leishmaniasis and a neoplastic disorder in the same tissue samples of immunocompromised patients; and direct involvement of Leishmania spp. in pathogenesis/<br />occurrence of malignant lesions, especially of the skin and mucous membranes. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a protozoan skin disease occurring in all the Middle East countries. Only the cutaneous form is a self-curing, which may develop a certain degree of immunity against the parasite, resulting in healing of the lesion(s). However, the parasites probably never disappear completely, since in situations where immune system is compromised, as in AIDS, or suppressed by cancer chemotherapy or in organ transplantation, Leishmania spp. may suddenly reappear. The cell-mediated immunity is responsible for skin lesion healing but humeral response plays a protective role against the disease.<br />Skin biopsies from 65 parasitological proven cutaneous leishmaniasis patients from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and Libya were histopathologically studied. The results showed that cutaneous leishmaniasis especially in hot areas pave the way to the mutation and development of skin cancer.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201HETEROBOTHRIUM LINEATUS (MONOGENEA: DICLIDOPHORIDAE) INFECTING THE GILLS OF THE NILE PUFFER TETRAODON LINEATUS (PISCES: TETRAODONTIDAE) FROM THE RIVER NILE, EGYPT WITH A NEW LOCALIT RECORD: A LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY6496569330410.21608/jesp.2013.93304ENKAREEM S.MORSYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.MONA FATHIKHALILDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan
University, Cairo, Egypt.IRENE SAMEHGAMILDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan
University, Cairo, Egypt.AHMED SALEMELEBIARIEDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan
University, Cairo, Egypt.ROKIA MAHMOUDIBRAHIMDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan
University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200603Heterobothrium lineatus (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae) is described from the gills of Tetraodon lineatus collected from the River Nile at Helwan governorate, Egypt as a new locality record. The morphology and morphometric characterization of the recovered worms were described by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. Twenty two out 35 with a percentage of 62.9% of the examined fish were infected with Heterobothrium sp. (the intensity of infection was about ten worms per fish in general). Most of the infected fish had very pale gills and showed symptoms of anemia. Morphologically, the adult worms were elongated with anterior pointed and posterior broad ends, it measured 1.15–1.76 (1.52±0.02) mm in length x 0.28-0.39 (0.29±0.02) mm in width. Two buccal organs situated anteriorly around mouth opening were shown by light and scanning electron microscopy. Haptor subdivided into four pairs of clamps without isthmus separating it from body. The recovered worm differed from the previously species in the same genus by small dimensions of the measurements and presence of a copulatory organ armed with 7-11 genital hooks. Also, it is distinguished from H. tetrodonis and H. okamotoi by absence of a distinct isthmus, and resembled H. lamothei from gills of Sphoeroides testodineus in Mexico and H. lineatus from T. lineatus in Egypt in general appearance and presence of rectangular haptor with the fourth pair of clamps smaller than the previous ones.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201SERUM PROCALCITONIN AS A PREDICTING VALUE IN SEVERITY AND PROGNOSIS OF CAP IN SICKLE CELL-PATIENTS6576689330810.21608/jesp.2013.93308ENSHERIFALSAYEDDepartment of Chest, Faculty of Medicine, El Fayoum University, Egypt.SAMARMARZOUKDepartment
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.ESSAMMOUSADepartment
of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt.Journal Article20200603The Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and CURB-65 predict outcomes in community acquired pneumonia but have limitations. The study evaluated if procalcitonin in community-acquired pneumonia provides prognostic information with the PSI and CURB-65 in sickle cell adult patients. Twenty sickle cell positive adult patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia were scored using PSI and CRUB-65, and measured procalcitonin levels.<br />They were 12 female 60% and 8 males 40% with mean of age 46.0+10.26 and were stratified with PSI, CRUB65 and sampled for procalcitonin level for PSI class I (3) patients 15%, class II (10) patients 50%, class III (3) patients 15%, class IV (one) patient 5% and class V (3) patients 15% with mean of 2.55+1.276 were CRUB65 0 (2) patients 10% 1 (11) patients 55% two (3) patients 15%, three (4) patients 20% with mean of 1.45+0.94 proclacitonin >0.25 (8) patients 40% and >0.50 were (12) patients 60% with mean of 1.098+1.346.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201HOUSE DUST MITES: A RISK FACTOR TO BE CONSIDERED FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY OR SOURCE OF WORK-RELATED ALLERGENS6696789331210.21608/jesp.2013.93312ENAHMED MEGAHED AHMEDSALEHMilitary Institute of Health and Epidemiology.+The Military Medical Academy, Egypt.HISHAM ABD EL-RAOUFALIThe Military Medical Academy, Egypt.SALWA ABDALLA MOHAMEDAHMEDMilitary Institute of Health and Epidemiology.+Medical Surgical
Nursing, The Military Medical Academy, Egypt.NAEMA MAHMOUDMOHAMMADThe Military Medical Academy, Egypt.TOSSON A.MORSYDepartment of Parasitology,
Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt,Journal Article20200603House dust mites (HDM) can be found worldwide where human beings live independent from the climate and are a major source of multiple allergens. Mite allergens sensitize and induce perennial rhinitis, asthma, or atopic dermatitis in a<br />large portion of patients with allergic disease particularly children. There is convincing evidence that avoidance of mite allergen can effectively reduce allergic symptoms. This study examined dust from a military hospital and the private home of some nursing staff. A total of seven species of mites belonging to six genera were recovered. The commonest species was Dermatophagoides farinae followed by D. pteronyssinus and the lowest Laelaps nuttalli. Besides, the 7th mite or Parasitus consanguineous live free on dust as a bio-control agent of mites. The presence of mites in and out doors in a hospital and dwellings of medical personnel pave the way to consider HDM as occupational or nosocomial Allergens.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF RADIX NATALENSIS AND CULISETA LONGIAREOLATA LARVAE WITH PLAGIORCHIID XIPHIDIOCERCARIAE IN EGYPT6796879331410.21608/jesp.2013.93314ENYASSER DISOKYDARDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.IMAN MOHAMADEL-HUSSENYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Journal Article20200603To clarify the life cycle of a plagiorchiid species which uses Radix natalensis as a first intermediate host for its larval development in Egypt, this study was carried out to investigate subsequent invertebrates where xiphidiocercariae of this digenean might encyst. Laboratory-bred R. natalensis and Culiseta longiareolata larvae (mosquito) were experimentally exposed to xiphidiocercariae under laboratory conditions. At 24h post-exposure, 70% of exposed juvenile R. natalensis were found harboring encysted cercariae in their tissues. In addition, C. longiareolata larvae of each developmental stage were infected with these xiphidiocercariae. Compared to unexposed mosquito larvae, a significantly higher mortality rate in first- and second-stage (L1& L2) larvae was noted. Prevalence of infection was also significantly higher in these L1 & L2 (90% & 88%, respectively) than in third- and fourth-stage larvae. Mosquitoes emerging from exposed L1 & L2 were significantly less numerous when compared to corresponding control groups. Significant disturbance in male and female sex ratio was noted in L1- & L2-developing mosquitoes; it was equal in L1-emerging adults and slightly male biased for those coming from L2.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201SIALIC ACID VALUE IN PLEURAL EFFUSION AS A DIAGNOSTIC MARKER OF MALIGNANCY6896969331510.21608/jesp.2013.93315ENSHERIFALSAYEDDepartment of chest, Faculty of Medicine, El Fayoum, University, Al Fayoum, Egypt.SAMARMARZOUKDepartment Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University,
Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200603In differential diagnosis of pleural effusions, cytology is the most sensitive method. Since cytology findings are positive in half of such fluids, combined use of reliable tumor marker and cytology is a logical approach. Sialic acid and other tumor<br />markers can be reliable substances associated with neoplasia. The present study measured sialic acid levels in pleural effusion and serum samples of patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases to discriminate each other, and to diagnose malignant effusion in a simple, cheap and reliable way. Sixty patients with pleural effusion were enrolled in the study and classified into two groups, group (I) 30 patients with malignant pleural effusion, and group (II) 30 patients<br />with nonmalignant pleural effusion. Pleural fluid (PF) and serum (S) levels of sialic acid were measured prior to any therapy; and PF/S sialic acid ratios were calculated. Pleural fluid and serum levels of sialic acid were significantly higher in malignant group compared to nonmalignant one. PF/S sialic acid ratio was higher in malignant group compared to nonmalignant group. In the malignant pleural effusion group, smokers showed a statistically significant higher pleural fluid and serum sialic acid levels as compared to nonsmokers. By using ROC curve, the cut off value of malignant pleural fluid sialic acid was 69.65 mg/dL, sensitivity was 70%, and specificity was 96%.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201ACANTHOSTOMUM SPINICEPS (DIGENEA: CRYPTOGONIMIDAE: ACANTHOSTOMINAE), A PARASITE OF THE AFRICAN SNOOK LATES NILOTICUS (PERCIFORMES: LATIDAE). A LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY6977049331610.21608/jesp.2013.93316ENKAREEMMORSYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.HODAEL-FAYOUMIDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Egypt.SARAALIDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Egypt.Journal Article20200603The morphology of the adult stage of Acanthostomum spiniceps recovered from the African snook, Lates niloticus (Perciformes: Latidae) of the river Nile, Egypt was studied with both light and scanning electron microscopy.The most important morphological features differentiating this species are the number of circumoral spines, body shape, ratio of body length to width, sucker sizes, and the presence or absence of spines on the ventral sucker. Sixteen out of forty fish (40%) was found to be naturally infected with this digenetic trematode belonging to family: Acanthostominae. The infection was recorded in the intestinal wall of the host fish. Body was elongate, 1.203-2.074 mm long, maximum width 0.311-0.534 mm. Oral sucker was terminal, funnel-shaped, 0.201-0.353 mm long and 0.245-0.310 mm wide. Simple peribuccal spines 0.042-0.066 mm long. Ventral sucker was circular, 0.110-0.140 mm long, 0.120-0.204 mm wide, situated approximately at 1/3 of body length. Ratio of oral and ventral suckers was 1: 0.5. Testes tandem or slightly<br />diagonal, located near posterior end of body being of irregular rounded shape. Size of anterior testis was 0.130-0.220 mm long, 0.314-0.358 mm wide, that of posterior testis was 0.180-0.274 mm long, 0.390-0.327 mm wide. Ovary transversely oval, smaller than testes, measured 0.102-0.166 mm long, 0.100-0.164 mm wide, situated just anterior to anterior testis. By comparison with some of the previously described species of this genus, the present one showed all morphological<br />characters and the most morphologically similar species was A. spiniceps.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201EVALUATION OF CYCLODEXTRIN (SUGAMMADEX) FOR REVERSAL OF INTENSE NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCK OF ROCURONIUM AND VECURONIUM, EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES7057149331710.21608/jesp.2013.93317ENHATEM M. NASRALKENANYDepartment of Anesthesia and ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University,
Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200603This study evaluated and explored time course, efficacy, relation, safety, changes in heart rate, and blood pressure after a bolus dose of sugammadex or neostigmine for reversal of a prolonged rocuronium and vecuronium induced neuromuscular<br />block. A total of 60 patients of both sexes, ‘ASA’ grade I, II and all were scheduled for elective surgery of 30-45 minutes duration. Informed oral consent was obtained from all patients to participate in this study. The results showed statistically significant progressive decrease of heart rate and blood pressure at 2, 5 and 10 minutes when compared to their basal values before anesthesia, then it starts to gain its normal value at 5 and 10 minutes, regardless the dose of sugammadex (effect of anesthesia). Also, heart rate and blood pressure showed statistically non-significant variance between groups of sugammadex when compared at any time of the study with the neostigmine groups (i.e. no effect of the dose on heart rate).The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201A NEW SPECIES OF OOCHORISTICA (EUCESTODA: CYCLOPHYLLIDEA) PARASITE OF AGAMA MUTABILIS (REPTILIA: AGAMIDAE) FROM EGYPT7157229331810.21608/jesp.2013.93318ENKAREEMMORSYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.NADIA F.RAMADANDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.SALAMAL HASHIMIDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.MEDHATALIDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.MANAL F.EL GARHYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20200603The morphological and morphometric characterization of Oochoristica mutabili, an anoplocephalid cestode infecting the small intestine of the Egyptian changeable lizard, Agama mutabilis (F: Agamidae) in South Sinai were described by light and scanning electron microscopy as a first description from this host in Egypt. Ten out of fifty six (17.9%) of the examined specimens were infected with Oochoristica. Strobila was 14.6 (11.5-22.3) mm long; composed of 34 (30-45) proglottids; 7 (6-11) undifferentiated, 8 (6-10) contained sexual primordia, 14 (13-20) mature and 5 (3-9) gravid. Scolex 324 (300-360) μm wide with four circular suckers measuring 100 (97-124) μm in diameter; neck region is evident. Genital pores irregularly alternating, situated in the anterior quarter of proglottid; testes in median mass situated<br />in the posterior half of proglottid extending laterally to vitellarium; ovary bilobed and situated in the centre of proglottid, vitellaria entire, slightly wider than one lobe of the ovary. Gravid proglottids contained in a uterine capsule containing<br />numerous oncospheres. The described parasite is compared with different species of the same genus from different hosts, it was found that morphometrically the present species was more or less different from the comparable species and the only morphologically similar species was O. parvovaria. Both species were similar in the presence of the cirrus sac, which lied anterior to the ovary, and the bilobed ovary situated in the center of proglottids. However, it can be differentiated by possessing more proglottids, fewer testes, and the lack of primordial development in immature proglottids of the comparable species.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201NATURAL INFECTION OF BABOONS BY ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA ELICITS ANTI- GAL-LECTIN HEAVY SUBUNIT IGA AND IGG ANTIBODIES WITH SHARED EPITOPE SPECIFICITY TO THAT OF HUMANS7237359331910.21608/jesp.2013.93319ENMOHAMED D.ABD-ALLADepartment of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Egypt.ROMAN F.WOLFDepartment of Tropical Medicine
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.+Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,GARY L.WHITEDepartment of Tropical Medicine
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.+Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,STANLEY D.KOSANKEDepartment of Tropical Medicine
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.+Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,DAVID W.CAREYDepartment of Tropical Medicine
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.+Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,JACO J.VERWEIJDepartment of Parasitology/Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden
University Medical Center,YASSER M. M.EL-DESSOUKYDepartment of Medicine, Medical College of WisconsinMIE-JIEZHANGDepartment of Population Health Biostatistics,
Medical College of WisconsinJONATHAN I.RAVDINDepartment of Medicine, Medical College of WisconsinJournal Article20200603Non-human primates, such as baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis), are natural hosts for Entamoeba species; infections can be asymptomatic or result in invasive lethal disease. It was sought to determine whether following natural infection by<br />Entamoeba. histolytica, baboon anti-amebic antibodies recognized native Gallectin, a recombinant portion of the lectin heavy subunit (designated LC3) and specific heavy subunit epitopes; we compared the specificity of anti-amebic antibodies from baboons to that of humans following asymptomatic E. histolytica infection or cure of amebic liver abscess (ALA). Female baboons (n=54), aged one to three years of age and living in captivity were screened for infection by real time PCR. E. histolytica infection was found in 37 baboons and was associated with serum anti-LC3 IgG (73%) and anti-LC3 IgA (46%) or intestinal anti-Gal-Lectin IgA antibody responses (49%), p<0.021 for each compared to that observed with baboons having an E. dispar infection (n=10) or uninfected baboons (n=7). The ELISA OD reading for anti-LC3 or anti-lectin antibodies correlated strongly with the presence of a PCR CT value indicative of E. histolytica infection. In humans with asymptomatic E. histolytica infection or those recently cured of ALA, 63% and 57% had serum anti- LC3 IgA and 65% and 57% had serum anti-LC3 IgG antibodies respectively. Epitope- specific synthetic peptides were used as capture antigens in ELISA; for baboons that possessed anti-LC3 and anti-lectin antibodies, 74% had anti-peptide IgG or IgA antibodies, compared to 86% of asymptomatic humans and 92% of ALA subjects(P>0.05).The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201ORAL CAVITY MYIASIS IN CHILDREN: FIRST DEMONSTRATION IN EGYPT WITH GENERAL REVIEW7377469332010.21608/jesp.2013.93320ENMOSTAFA MOHAMEDABOSDERADepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University Hospitals,
Sohag, Egypt.TOSSON A.MORSYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams
University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200603Myiasis is a problem of medical veterinary and real economic importance which affects the human welfare worldwide particularly in animal raising countries. Myiasis of man and animals is a real welfare problem of worldwide distribution. The most important insects from medical point of view are the blood suckers or the insect- borne diseases. Still others, almost non-blood suckers, but may attack man and animal to deposit their eggs or larvae causing pathogenic conditions in skin, nose, eye, lung, ear, anus, and vagina but oral manifestation is exceptional. This study focused on the clinical pictures and pathogenesis of human oral cavity myiasis. Thirteen cases were demonstrated for the first time in Egypt, ten children and the parents of three children. The extracted larvae were Lucilia sericata (four cases), Wohlfahrtia magnifica (three cases), Oestrus ovis (three children and their parents) and Musca domestica vicina (one case). The presence of O. ovis in three children and their parents recommended zoonotic myiasis. The predisposing factors were mouth breathing, incompetent lips, low socioeconomic condition, malnutrition, and inability of a child to perform daily activities due to the neurodegenerative disease.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201FINGERPRINTING AND GENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS, TRICHOMONAS MURIS AND TRICHOMONAS GALLINAE7477549332110.21608/jesp.2013.93321ENMAGDA M.EL-NAZERDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine. Sohag University,
Sohag, Egypt.NADA A.EL NADIDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine. Sohag University,
Sohag, Egypt.AMAL M.AHMEDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine. Sohag University,
Sohag, Egypt.AMAL A.ABDEL MAWGOODDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine. Sohag University,
Sohag, Egypt.Journal Article20200603Because of the common pathology, protein expression and drug resistance mechanisms- though in different hosts- of the luminal trichomonads Trichomonas vaginalis, T. gallinae and T. muris, doubts were raised concerning their phylogenetic<br />relationship. The random amplified polymorohic (RAPD) technique for genetic DNA polymorphism studying was used to genetically characterize and assess their interspecies polymorphism. Results showed a high statistical support for the close<br />relationship between the tested parasites and proved a tight association between Tritrichomonas muris and T. gallinae as well as a high genetic similarity between T. muris and T. vaginalis.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201SEROPREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS OF INFECTED AND NON-INFECTED SYMPTOMATIC CHILDREN7557669332210.21608/jesp.2013.93322ENMOHAMMED E.HAMEDDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig
University, Egypt.HATEM M.HUSSEINDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig
University, Egypt.HOSAM F.EL SADANYDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig
University, Egypt.ASHGAN A.ELGOBASHYDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig
University, Egypt.AMAL H.ATTADepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig
University, Egypt.Journal Article20200603This study determined the prevalence of seropositivity of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies, and evaluated some socio-epidemiologic characteristics among family members of infected and non-infected symptomatic children. One hundred children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms without previous H. pylori eradication treatment were prospectively studied by both upper endoscopy with histopathological biopsies examination, and serum anti-H. pylori IgG test between July 2012 to June 2013. The patients were subdivided into: H. pylori infected children (GӀ), and H. pylori non-infected children (GӀӀ). Also, 320 of their family members were examined for serum anti-H. pylori IgG and stool antigen tests. Sheets were filled out included personal and medical history. The results showed statistically significant difference between both groups as regard dyspepsia, anemia, and histopathological findings (chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer, and duodenitis). Family members were subdivided into: those of H.pylori infected symptomatic children (165) and those of H. pylori non-infected<br />symptomatic children (155). Anti-H. pylori IgG prevalence was significantly higher in relatives of GI than those of GII (69.1% vs. 29%; p<0.05). The seroprevalence of H.pylori infection in all family members was (49.7%). Mothers of GI showed the highest seroprevalence (39.5%) as compared to fathers and siblings (22.8%, & 37.7%, respectively). Relatives of GI with low socioeconomic status, and lived in rural area showed the highest seroprevalence (82.5%, &78.1 % respectively)The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201DIAGNOSTIC USEFULNESS OF THE RANDOM URINE NA/K RATIO IN PREDICTING THERAPEUTIC RESPONSE FOR DIURETICS IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH ASCITES7677769332310.21608/jesp.2013.93323ENEL SAYED M.MOHIIDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt.ISMAIL M.EL MANSYDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt.MOHAMEDSALAHDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt.MOHAMED ABD ELHAMIDKHEDRDepartment of Clinical Pathology,
Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt.Journal Article20200603Ascites is a major complication of liver cirrhosis which carries a poor prognosis. Diuretics are used in treatment of ascites in addition to salt restriction. Monitoring of diuretic response can be achieved by measurement of 24 hours urinary sodium. This study evaluated the accuracy of using spot urinary sodium/potassium ratio as a reliable alternative to 24 hours urinary sodium in assessment of dietary sodium compliance in patients with liver cirrhosis receiving diuretics.<br />Fifty patients presented with liver cirrhosis and ascites were divided into 2 groups: GI 14 (28%) patients diuretic resistant with 24 hours urinary sodium < 78 mEq) and GII 36 (72%) patients diuretic sensitive with 24 hours urinary sodium ><br />78 mEq. The results showed highly significant correlation between 24 hours urinary sodium and spot urine sodium/potassium ratio with sensitivity 87.5% specificity 56% and accuracy 70% at cutoff point of 1.8.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SENSILLA ASSOCIATED WITH MOUTHPARTS AND ANTENNAE OF LUCILIA CUPRINA7777859332410.21608/jesp.2013.93324ENMOSTAFA I.HASSANDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.MOHAMAD A.FOUDADepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.KOTB M.HAMMADDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.AHMED L.BASIOUNYDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.MOHAMMAD R.KAMELDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar
University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200603Antennal and maxillary palps of Lucilia cuprina male and female (family: Calliphoridae) were studied using scanning electron microscopy. Five types of sensilla were observed namely: trichoid, basiconic, coeloconic, styloconic and sensory pit. Trichoid sensilla (one subtype: short trichoid sensilla) was found on the scape of the antenna, while both trichoid (two subtypes: short and long trichoid sensilla) and styloconic sensilla were observed on the antennal pedicel. Basiconic sensilla (two subtypes: small and large basiconic sensilla), coeloconic sensilla and sensory pits were detected on the flagellum of antenna. Cheatica (two subtypes: small and large Cheatica) and small basicinic sensilla were located on the maxillary palps. Microtrachia were observed on all joints of antenna and maxillary palps. No marked differences were observed in the morphological structure of any of the sensilla among the two sexes studied. The suggested function of each antennal sensillum was based on comparison with results of other investigations on similar sensilla.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201IMMUNODIAGNOSIS OF EGYPTIAN HUMAN FASCIOLOSIS GIGANTICA USING FAS1 AND FAS2 CYSTEINE PROTEINASE ANTIGENS7877969332510.21608/jesp.2013.93325ENIBRAHIMRABEETheodore Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt.NOHA AHMEDMAHANADepartment of
Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.ABEER MAHMOUDBADRDepartment of
Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20200603Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola gigantica is one of the major public health problems in the world including Egypt. Immunodiagnostic methods are more applicable for their better sensitivity and specificity than other methods. The present study was conducted to cysteine proteinase (CP) antigens of F. gigantica in IgG-ELISA to diagnose human fasciolosis. IgG-ELISA with 2 cysteine proteinases of 27 kDa (Fasl) and 29 kDa (Fas2), obtained from the regurgitated materials of adult worms, were evaluated using serum samples from 90 Egyptian patients infected with F. gigantica, 55 patients with other parasitic infections and 50 healthy volunteers. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of Fas1 for detection of F. gigantica infection were 91.1% and 89.1%, respectively. The positivity of the assay was 95%. The<br />positive and negative predicted values were 91% and 86%, respectively. These data suggest that IgG-ELISA with Fas1 is highly sensitive and specific assay and could be used for the immunodiagnosis of human fasciolosis.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201CONSUMPTION HAZARDS OF CATTLE LIVER INFECTED WITH FASCIOLA SPP.: II. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON RATS7978049332610.21608/jesp.2013.93326ENFAROUK M.EL-TELLAWYNutrition Technology, Institute of Environmental Studies and Researches, Egypt.REFAAT M.KHALIFADepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University, Egypt.MONA K.ABD EL-KADERDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics,
Helwan University, Egypt.AMANY O.MOHAMEDDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University, Egypt.NOHA S.AHMEDDepartment of Home Economics,Faculty of Specific
Education, Al- Fayoum University, Egypt.Journal Article20200603This study evaluated and revealed the consumption hazards of cattle liver infected with Fasciola spp. and revealed its effects on the serum estimation of liver enzyme (ALT) on experimental rats. A total of 42 Wister albino rats were classified into 7 groups. Four groups were fed on raw and cooked cattle liver with various intensity of Fasciola spp. infection. Two groups were fed on raw and cooked normal cattle liver (positive control), and one group served as negative control. Histopathology of the rats' liver revealed hydropic degeneration, congestion with dilatation of the central vein and sinusoids and focal areas of necrosis. The intestine samples showed degenerative changes and necrobiosis of the villar epithelium with inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, a slight increase was noticed in the liver enzyme ALT which is known to be an important marker of liver destruction.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201EVALUATION OF LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT BY FIBROSCAN AS COMPARED TO LIVER BIOPSY FOR ASSESSMENT OF HEPATIC FIBROSIS IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C8058199332710.21608/jesp.2013.93327ENMOHIEE EL-DEEN ABD EL-AZIZAWADDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of
Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.GAMAL ELSAYEDSHIHADepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.FERSAN ABDALLAHSALLAMDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of
Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.AMANY MOHAMEDABD EL TAWABDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of
Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.Journal Article20200603The study evaluated liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using non-invasive transient elastography (TE) in comparison with liver biopsy for assessment of hepatic fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Thirty children (mean age<br />10.13±3.4 years) with CHC were subjected to histopathological assessment of liver biopsy specimens using METAVIER score and LSM using TE (FibroScan) as well as appropriate laboratory investigations. The results showed a highly significant stepwise increase of the mean liver stiffness values with increasing histological severity of hepatic fibrosis with the highest level detected in patients with stage F4 “cirrhosis” and significant differences for F3 and F4 vs. other fibrosis stages. There were significant positive correlations between LSM and several parameters of activity and progression of the chronic liver disease including METAVIER fibrosis stages (r=0.774, p=0.0001), necroinflammatory activity grades, AST, ALT, total serum bilirubin, prothrombin time and Child-Pugh grades as well as biochemical serum fibrosis markers (Fibrotest, Actitest, AST-to-platelet ratio index, Forns index and hyaluronic acid). The variables significantly negatively associated with the LSM were platelets count and serum albumin. The highest predictive performance of LSM was detected for stage F4 “cirrhosis”, followed by F3 “advanced fibrosis” where accuracy of (96.7%, 85.3%) and AUROC of (1.00, 0.815) were obtained for these fibrosis stages at cutoff values of 9.5 and 12.5 kPa, respectively. The negative<br />predictive values to exclude advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis at these cutoffs were high, whereas positive predictive values were modest.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201THE EFFECT OFAN INTERVENTION PROGRAM IN NURSES' KNOWLEDGE AND PERFORMANCE REGARDING MANAGEMENT OF HOUSE DUST MITES IN A MILITARY HOSPITAL8218409332810.21608/jesp.2013.93328ENAHMED MEGAHED AHMEDSALEHThe Military Medical Academy, Egypt.HESHAM ABD EL-RAOUFALIThe Military Medical Academy, Egypt.SALWA ABDALLA MOHAMEDAHMEDThe Military Medical Academy, Egypt.NAEMA MAHMOUDMOHAMMADThe Military Medical Academy, Egypt.TOSSON ALYMORSYFaculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University,
Cairo 11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200603House dust mites (HDM) are microscopic arthropods live indoor and/or outdoor inhibited by vertebrates including man. This study improved nurses' knowledge and performance regarding the management of HDM to minimize nosocomial patient's exposure in a Military Hospital. All staff nurses with working experience of at least one year were included (n=60 nurses). Three tools were used for data collection: 1- a self-administered questionnaire sheet to assess subjects sociodemographicdata and knowledge regarding management of HDM, 2- an observation check list to evaluate performance as regard environmental care related to HDMs' control, and 3- practical dust collection from indicative areas whenever possible to isolate mites from dust patients’ dwelling for identification following standard local and international keys. The results showed that the implementation of educational intervention program led to significant improvement of nurses' knoweledge and performance related to management of HDM post program implementation. This fact was practically approved as some nurse’s requested to examine even their own homes. Also, seven species of mites were isolated.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058343320131201INDIRECT HAEMAGGLUTINATION TEST AND ELISA AS COMPARED TO KATO THICK-SMEAR IN DIAGNOSING SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI8418489332910.21608/jesp.2013.93329ENRAGAA A.OTHMANDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University,
Assuit, Egypt.Journal Article20200603The risk of schistosomiasis infection is associated to age, sex, and occupations. This study evaluated the reliable method for diagnosis of schistosomiasis in correlation to their sensitivity and specificity. A total of 75 patients (49 males and 27<br />females) with manifestations suggestive intestinal schistosomiasis, with ages less than 18 years old (46) and 29 above were enrolled. They were subjected to history taking and clinical and stool examinations. Stool examination was done by Kato-Katz technique, and detection of antibodies against S. mansoni by ELISA and IHAT. S. mansoni eggs were detected among 45 (60%) by microscopic examination (25 of them ˂18 years and 20 cases ˃25 years of old), while antibodies were recorded among 38 (50.7%) and 43 (57.3%) by both ELISA and IHA respectively, non-significant differences were recorded between the three applied methods of examination. On comparing IHA with Kato-Katz technique as gold standard method of diagnosis, it showed 80% sensitivity & 93.3% specificity. On other hand, ELISA revealed high sensitivity and specificity 96.9% & 90.7% respectively. On comparing Kato-Katz technique to IHA it showed low sensitivity and specificity; 78.9% &59.5% respectively.