The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201IMMUNO-HISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES TRIGGERED BY REPEATED CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION IN IMMUNOSUPPRESSED MICE4834927654210.21608/jesp.2018.76542ENMENNAT EL-RAHMAN A.FAHMYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba,
P.O. Box 30 Giza, Egypt.HEBAT-ALLAH A.YOUSOFDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 11562 Cairo, Egypt.SHAIMAA H.EL-SAYEDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Egypt.SOHEIR S.MAHMOUDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba,
P.O. Box 30 Giza, Egypt.MONAMAGDYDepartment of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, P. O. Box 30 Giza, Egypt.MAISA A.SHALABYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba,
P.O. Box 30 Giza, Egypt.MOUSA A. M.ISMAILDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 11562 Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Cancers are increasing at an alarming rate with a potential association between parasitosis and cancer. This study was conducted on 190 albino mice to evaluate the possible histopathological changes and immunohistochemical alteration in the expression of β-catenin and p53 as markers of cellular proliferation in ileocecal region induced by chronic irritation with Cryptosporidium oocysts. 180 experimentally immunosuppressed mice were divided into five groups, control noninfected, infected with 50 oocysts/mouse once, infected with 500 oocysts/mouse once, repeatedly infected with 50 oocysts/mouse/week and repeatedly infected with 500 oocysts/ mouse/week. Each group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups according to the date designed for scarification. 10 naïve mice were used as negative control. Histopathological examination of the ileocecal region showed mild to severe villous atrophy and inflammatory exudation in colonic mucosa.<br />Mice received high inoculum dose showed significantly severe histopathological changes. A progressive increase of cytoplasmic labeling of β-catenin without loss of β-catenin membrane labeling was recorded in groups infected once, in repeatedly infected ones; there was loss of β-catenin membrane labeling and progressive increase of the cytoplasmic labeling of β-catenin without nuclear expression of β-catenin or nuclear expression of p53 in all infected groups.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AND ALBENDAZOLE IN INTESTINAL MURINE TRICHINELLOSIS4935027654310.21608/jesp.2018.76543ENNASHAAT E.NASSEFDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.ISMAIL M.MOHARMDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.AMANY F.ATIADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.REHAM M.BRAKATDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.NOHA M.ABOU HUSSIENDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.ASMAA S.MOHAMEDDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Most of the drugs used for the treatment of trichinellosis showed a limited bioavailability and a high degree of resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new agents to improve the bioavailability of these drugs. This work assessed the use Chitosan (CH) nanoparticles singly or combined with albendazole (ABZ) for the treatment of experimental trichinellosis. Fifty male albino mice were used. They were divided into six experimental groups. Chitosan<br />nanoparticles were used orally at a dose of 100mg/kg/day starting from 3rd dpi for three successive days for the treatment of the intestinal phase of infection either alone or loaded with full dose or half dose of ABZ. Results showed significant reduction in all treated groups with the highest reduction rate of adult 99.1%, improvement of the intestinal histopathological changes and a significant decrease in iNOS expression of the intestinal tissue were observed in<br />groups treated by CH loaded with full dose of ABZ compared to control groupThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201INFECTED FRESHWATER SNAILS, BIOMPHALARIA ALEXANDRINA, THE INTERMEDIATE HOST OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI5035077654410.21608/jesp.2018.76544ENAMINA M.IBRAHIMDepartment of Medical Malacology, Theodor Bilharz
Research Institute, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza, Egypt.OLFAT A.HAMMAMDepartment of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz
Research Institute, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza, Egypt.SHADIA M.EL-DAFRAWYDepartment of Medical Malacology, Theodor Bilharz
Research Institute, Imbaba P.O. Box 30, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200309The objective was to study the chromosomes of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails (class Gastropoda) in control and infected state which could be helpful in understanding how host-parasite relationships in feasible and effective control measures. The chromosomal changes were studied using the air-drying method. The results showed that B. alexandrina had a diploid chromosome number, 2n = 36. Also, the meiotic stages were detected as early- leptotene and late leptotene, zygotene, diplotene, metaphase I. The result also revealed the presence of a primitive sperm, with a conical head and a very long, uni-flagellate tail. A comparative meiotic chromosome analysis between the control and infected ones showed some significant differences, as pachytene and diplotene were more condensed.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201FIRST RECORD OF THE PARASITIC COPEPOD, LERNANTHROPUS INDICUS (CRUSTACEA: LERNANTHROPIDAE) ON CARANGOIDES BAJAD FROM THE RED SEA, EGYPT5095127654610.21608/jesp.2018.76546ENSALWA Z. A.ARAFADepartments of Zoology, Faculties of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.SHEREENFAHMYDepartments of Zoology, Faculties of Science, Damietta University, Egypt.Journal Article20200309The present work investigated Lernanthropidae copepod genus Lernanthropus based on adult female specimens removed from the gills of orange spotted travally Carangoides bajad, a commercially important teleost fish species of the Red Sea, Egypt in during the period from April 2015 to March 2016. A total of 82 C. bajad (Local name: Bayad) were examined, 35<br />specimens were identified as Lernanthropus indicus. Lernanthropus indicus is an important pest of economically valuable importance fishes in seawater and, therefore, can cause severe damage to the host tissues. The present work represents the first record for the presence of this parasite in C. bajad fish as a new host in Red Sea water. The presented results were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Female body surface ventrally ornamented with patches of setules and elongated with long egg sacs. Cephalothorax with dorsal shield slightly is narrower anteriorly. SEM showed that the 2nd antenna of Lernanthropus is characteristically prehensile and uncinate and thus provides the main force for the attachment to the host tissue.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201THE ARTHROPOD-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, THE NEGLECTED SERIOUS DISEASES5135287654810.21608/jesp.2018.76548ENMOSTAFA M.ELNAKIBMilitary Medical Academy Cairo11291, Egypt.EMAN EBRAHIMABDEL FADILMilitary Medical Academy Cairo11291, Egypt.TOSSON A.MORSYDepartment of Parasitology,
Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Arthropod-borne encephalitis viruses are highly adapted to a particular reservoir host. Viruses spread from animal to animal by an infected specific mosquito or tick species. Mosquito or tick becomes infected when feeding on the viremic animal blood. Virus then replicates in the vector, ultimately infecting the salivary glands, which transmits the virus to a new host with infective saliva while taking a blood meal. Infected patients may become ill; they usually do not develop sufficient viremia to infect feeding vectors, and thus do not contribute to the transmission cycle. Among mosquito-borne encephalitis, the greatest public health threat in North America and is posed by the West Nile, St. Louis encephalitis, and La Crosse encephalitis viruses. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is of concern in Central and South America, while Japanese encephalitis virus affects residents or visitors to parts of Asia. Among the tick-borne encephalitis, tick-borne Encephalitis virus causes the greatest public health threat among residents or visitors to Eastern Europe and Asia. Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus is widely distributed throughout North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean. EEE virus is the most severe one, with mortality up to 30% .Western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus is a found in North and South America and is a potential agent of bioterrorism through the aerosol route. Case fatality rate is 3 to 7%, .La Crosse virus (LAC) is the most pathogenic member of California encephalitis serogroup in central and eastern United States, mostly in school-aged children. Most infections are asymptomatic with low mortality rates. Treatment is supportive, with emphasis on control of cerebral edema and seizures. Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) virus occurs in Australia, New Guinea, and probably islands in the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago. MVE virus is maintained in a natural cycle involving water birds and Culex annulirostris. Only 1 in 1000 to 2000 infections had clinical illness; but, about one-third of patients die and about half the survivors suffered from neurologic deficits. Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) widely<br />spread from Florida to South America, occur periodically, but occasionally, large epidemics occur among equine and humans. VEE is infectious via aerosols, making it an occupational risk to certain laboratory workers and a potential agent of bioterrorism. Effective prevention by immunizing equines, which serve as the primary amplification hosts for the epizootic VEE viruses. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) exists over a wide geographical area, including Russia and Europe. Human exposure occurs through work or recreational activities when the ticks are most active. TBE virus is transmitted from the saliva of an infected tick while taking blood meal. Case fatality rates range from 2 to 8%, Treatment is mainly supportive. In Middle Eastern Countries, no proper reported statistics, although the climatic environment favors the spreading of both the vectors and the viruses. So, it is advisable to make diagnostic techniques readily available and more public health awareness of those risky, potentially fatal infectious diseases. Already Dengue viral hemorrhagic fever is mostly responsible for major worldwide fatalities as well as West Nile Fever already present there from before, without specific treatment or vaccine available.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201IMMUNOFLUORESCENT ASSAY FOR SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION OF INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENTS5295347654910.21608/jesp.2018.76549ENMONA MOHAMEDTOLBADepartment of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University,
Egypt.AMEL YOUSSEFSHEHABDepartment of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University,
Egypt.ESRAA ABDEL-HAMIDMONEERDepartment of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University,
Egypt.SAFIA SALEHKHALILDepartment of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University,
Egypt.Journal Article20200309Microsporidia constitutes a diverse group of obligate intracellular pathogens that infect a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. It has been originally recognized as opportunisti pathogens of immunocompromised patients. Two species of microsporidia, Encephalitozoon bieneusi and Enterocytozoon intestinalis, are known to infect mainly the gastrointestinal tract of humans. The study was based on the examination of stool samples collected from 100<br />immunocompetent patients complaining of GIT disturbances attending the Parasitology Department laboratory in the Medical Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt. Freshly collected stool specimens were examined by modified Trichrome stain MTS (Kokoskin hot method) and immunofluorescent monoclonal antibodies (IFA-MAbs). The results showed that Using MTS, microsporidial spores were detected in 36% of the stool samples examined. Using IFA-MAbs, 60 samples were positive. Microsporidial spores appeared as bright apple green small oval spores with or without vacoule. The agreement between MTS and IFA-MAbs in diagnosing microsporidal infections was moderate. IFA-MAbs differentiated microsporidial infection as 67% E. intestinalis, 6% E. bieneusi and mixed infections in 27% of positive cases.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM IN CLINICALLY EXAMINED DAIRY CALVES; MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES5355427655110.21608/jesp.2018.76551ENA. E.MAHMOUDDepartment of Animal Medicine,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522,
Egypt.HAIDY G.ABDEL-RAHMANDepartment of Clinical Pathology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522,
Egypt.EMAN M.ABOUELHASSANDepartment of Parasitology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522,
Egypt.NAHLA H.SALLAMDepartment of Parasitology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522,
Egypt.Journal Article20200309Cryptosridiosis is a life threatening illness of neonatal calves, leading to mal-absorption and diarrhea. The present study was carried out on 25 Holstein dairy calves, 3 to 15 days old in El-Eman farm, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Animals were assigned into two groups; G1: included 20 calves suffered from watery to mucoid diarrhea and G2: included 5 calves were proved to be clinically healthy and used as a control one. The diseased calves were treated by oral administration of Halofuginone at a dose rate of 100 μg per kg once daily for 7 successive days. A total number of 90 blood and fecal samples were obtained from all animals during the study; 40 blood samples from diseased calf (at the onset of the appearance of the symptoms and on the 8th day of the treatment), 40 fecal samples at the same pattern from the same animals and 10 samples (blood and feces) were collected from the control one. Forty-five blood samples were analyzed for serum enzyme activities of ALT, GGT and LDH and for serum levels of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, IgA, TC, TGs, HDL-C and LDL-C. The later, forty-five fecal samples were examined to detect Cryptosporidium infection utilizing ICT, microscopical and molecular identification based on 18S rRNA Gene. Clinically infected dairy calves showed clinical signs of profuse watery diarrhea with yellowish colored feces (40%) and other calves showed mucoid diarrhea<br />(60%) which persist for 7 days resulting in dehydration, weakness and loss of body weight. The study revealed a significant increase in levels of ALT, GGT, LDH and urea with a highly significant reduction in concentration of IgA in the diseased calves. Meanwhile, a non-significant change in levels of total protein, albumin and globulin were reported among all groups. Lipid profile of the diseased calves revealed a significant increase in both levels of T.C and LDL-C with a highly significant reduction in the level of T.Gs in the diseased calves. Meanwhile, HDL-C level showed a non-significant change in all groups.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INFECTION CONTROL AND SAFETY INITIATIVES5435567655210.21608/jesp.2018.76552ENMOSTAFA M.ELNAKIBMilitary Medical Academy, Cairo11291, Egypt.NAEMA MAHMOUDMOHAMEDMilitary Medical Academy, Cairo11291, Egypt.TOSSON A.MORSYFaculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Standard precautions are guidelines established to break the infection chain and reduce risk of pathogen transmission in hospitals. Standard precautions apply to blood, body fluids, secretions and excretions (except sweat), non-intact skin, and mucous membranes.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201HIGH-RESOLUTION MELTING CURVE (HRM) ANALYSIS IN GENOTYPIC DISCRIMINATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ISOLATES FROM STOOL OF EGYPTIAN CHILDREN5575627655310.21608/jesp.2018.76553ENMARWA M. I.GHALLABDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo
University.+Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,
Kafr El- Sheikh University, Egypt.MONA M.KHATERDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo
University, Egypt.KEVIN M.TYLERBiomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine,
Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, UK.MAHABOUZIDBiomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine,
Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, UK.AZZA KAMALABD ELMEGIEDDepartment of Pediatrics, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.AYMAN A.EL-BADRYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Department of Microbiology-Medical Parasitology Section, College of Medicine,
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Fasial University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20200309Cryptosporidiosis is a recognized child infectious killer and the second cause of diarrheal disease and death in infants. Assessing Cryptosporidium spp. genetic diversity is a real goal to elucidate its transmission dynamics and to design preventive measures in absence of effective treatment. Cryptosporidium isolates in stool of Egyptian children were detected using Acid Fast (AF) staining, copro-nPCR/RFLP assay and real time PCR high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis assay. Stool samples were collected from 335 children complaining of diarrhea and other GIT symptoms, attending the outpatient clinic of Abu El Reesh hospital, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University. Two genotypes C. hominis and C. parvum were identified in 43 isolates from Egyptian children by copro-nPCR targeting COWP gene and HRM assay. Real time PCR HRM curve analysis, a closed-tube genotyping method, targeting ITS-2 gene confirmed the results of copro-nPCR/RFLP. It is simple, rapid, has more sample throughput, analysis capacities and data storage with less carry-over contamination and cost.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201SARCOSPORIDIOSIS AS A NEGLECTED DISEASE BETWEEN CARCASSES AND SLAUGHTER HOUSE WORKERS5635717655610.21608/jesp.2018.76556ENSHIMAAABDEL-RADIDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.NANCY O.KAMELDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Postal code: 12585, Egypt.Journal Article20200309This studied the medical complains in group of slaughter house workers in daily contact to slaughtered buffaloes. Carcasses of 400 slaughtered buffaloes were examined for Sarcocystis muscle cyst infection. Bradyzoites extracted from the diagnosed Sarcocystis muscle cyst (SMC) were used for production of Sarcocystis bradyzoites antigens (SBAg). The antigen was fractionated. Eluted concentrated specific fractions of 35-63 Kda molecular weight (MW) after EITB were used for infection sero-diagnosis of slaughtered buffaloes and Slaughter house workers using Dot ELISA. Data revealed that infection in slaughtered buffaloes was 36.57% by macro and microscopic investigation. Anti-Sarcocystis anti-bodies (ASAb) by dot ELISA were 52.5% among buffaloes. Sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 86.66% with 93.33% validity.<br />Using the previous technique in examination of group of slaughter house workers revealed high association between presence of ASAb in sera of patients complained from Myositis and arthritis (66.0%) followed by those complained by Myositis (50%) only, while it was 44.0% in workers complained by arthritis only. No ASAb was recorded in 4th group complained by digestive disturbances only as well as in control healthy individuals.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201SMOKING IS ONLY ON A PARTIAL BAN, WHAT ABOUT TOTAL BAN?5735767656010.21608/jesp.2018.76560ENJournal Article20200309The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201DESCRIPTION OF SOME NEMATODE PARASITES INFECTING AMERICAN COCKROACH, PERIPLANETA AMERICANA IN SHARKIA GOVERNORATE, EGYPT5775827656410.21608/jesp.2018.76564ENHESHAM M.SHARAFDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.ABD-ALLAH A.AL HOOTDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.FARAG A.AHMEDDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.AYA A.MOHAMADDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Journal Article20200309In present study, three known species insect parasitic nematodes were recovered from Periplaneta americana collected from uptown Zagazig City. These nematodes were 1- Hammerschmidtiella dieingi, 2- Leidynema meerutensis, and 3- Thelastoma bulhoesi collected from the hindgut of the host P. americana. These parasites were studied by using light microscope, SEM and TEM.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201EFFECT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI ERADICATIONON THE PATHOGENESIS OF MINIMAL HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS5835867656710.21608/jesp.2018.76567ENMOHIE ELDINAMERDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.MOHAMED ABDEL RASHEEDABDEL KHALIKDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.MOHAMED ABDEL HAMMID BASSYONIKHEDRDepartment of Clinical Pathology2, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.SAFWAT AHMED MOHAMED ALIMASSOUDDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Hepatic encephalopathy is one of the complications of liver cirrhosis. Ammonia is implicated as a precipitating factor for HE, minimal hepatic encephalopathy cannot be detected clinically and impairs quality of life, indicated that H. pylori infection is associated with high blood ammonia levels by urease enzyme and can lead to causation of HE. This study evaluated the effect of H. pylori eradication therapy on MHE. A total of 60 cirrhotic patients were selected from al-Hussein University Hospital. They were GI: 30 patients with MHE and GII; 30 patients without MHE. All patients were subjected to H. pylori stool antigen and blood ammonia level. Positive H. pylori patients received triple therapy for 14 days, then 4 weeks later were revaluated regarding, H. pylori stool antigen, serum ammonia level and NCT. Helicobacter pylori infection was found 63.3% of GI versus 40% in GII; serum ammonia levels were significantly higher in patients with GI and H. pylori positive. Treatment was successful in 78.9% of GI patients versus 89.4% of GII. Number connection test and serum ammonia level were significantly improved in GI patients and positive H. pylori after eradication therapy.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201EXPERIMENTAL LIFE CYCLE OF CONTRACAECUM QUADRIPAPILLATUM N. SP. IN WHITE PELICAN (PELECANUS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS) AT LAKE NASSER, EGYPT: MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC EVIDENCES5875987656910.21608/jesp.2018.76569ENATEF IBRAHIMSAADDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, 81528 Aswan, Egypt.ABUELHASSAN ELSHAZLYYOUNISDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, 81528 Aswan, Egypt.JIHAN MOHARAMRABEIFishery Management Center, High Dam Lake Development Authority, Aswan, Egypt.Journal Article20200309During November 2013 to October 2015, one hundred and nine fish specimens of Clarias lazera were captured from different areas of Lake Nasser, South Egypt. They were found infected with 3rd stage larvae of Contracaecum with 100% prevalence. 4th stage larvae and adults were experimentally obtained from the lower part of esophagus of white Pelicans Pelecanus erythrorhynchus previously administered 3rd stage larvae. Detailed morphological description of both larvae (L3) and adults, by light and scanning electron microscopes as well as molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-1 & ITS-2) indicated the presence of a new Contracaecum sp. here named C. quadripapillatum n. sp.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201REPELLENT ACTIVITY OF DEVERRA TRIRADIATA (APIACEAE) EXTRACTS AGAINST ANOPHELES SERGENTII THEOBALD, CULEX PIPIENS LISTON AND CULEX ANTENNATUS BECKER MOSQUITOES5996047657010.21608/jesp.2018.76570ENAHMED Z. I.SHEHATADepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200309The present study evaluated the repellent activity of hexane, chloroform, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts from Deverra triradiata aerial parts against three mosquito species (Anopheles sergentii, Culex pipiens and Culex antennatus). At 3.33, 1.67, 0.83 & 0.42 mg/cm2, all tested extracts showed a variable degree of repellency against tested mosquito species depending on solvent used in extraction. The highest repellent activity attained by hexane extract, with RD50 equal to 0.704, 1.122 & 0.92 mg/cm2 against An. sergentii, Cx. pipiens and Cx. antennatus starved females, followed by ethyl acetate (0.904, 1.323 & 0.9 mg/cm2), chloroform (1.101, 1.367 & 1.157 mg/cm2) and methanol (1.183, 1.578 & 1.323 mg/cm2) extracts. Also, RD90 of hexane, chloroform, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts recorded 2.567, 2.92, 3.067 and 2.88 mg/cm2 against An. sergentii, 3.027, 3.317, 3.593 & 3.547mg/cm2 against Cx. pipiens, 2.703, 3.09, 3.267 & 2.81mg/cm2 against Cx. antennatus starved females, respectively. In addition, complete repellency time was varied according to solvent used in extraction. D. triradiata tested extracts showed a strong biting deterrency against tested mosquito species, where the highest complete repellency time (187.7min) a achieved by methanol extract against<br />An. sergentii starved females at 3.33 mg/cm2 and the lowest complete repellency time (57.7min) recorded by hexane extract against Cx. pipiens bites at 0.42 mg/cm2, respectively.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201TH17 AND TREGULATORY CELLS IN TYPE2 DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY6056137657210.21608/jesp.2018.76572ENMALAK NABILAMINDepartments of Hepatogastroenterology and Nephrology, Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.ASHRAF MAHMOUDOKBADepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.ABEER ABDEL HAMIDEISSADepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.MOHAMED ASHARFIBRAHIMDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.MONA KAMELZOHEIRYDepartments of Immunology, Environment Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba P.O. Box
30, Giza, Egypt.HODA MOHAMED ALYABU TALEBDepartments of Biostatistics and Demography, Medical Statistician, Environment Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba P.O. Box
30, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephrophathy considered to be an inflammatory process in which immune cells involved in its development and progression apart from traditional metabolic and hemodynamic risk factors. This study was designed to determine the balance between T helper 17 and regulatory T cells in Type 2 diabetic patients having diabetic nephropathy in relation to type 2 diabetic patients without renal involvement and healthy individuals. This study included 3 groups; diabetic2 nephrophathy patients (on basis of proteinuria and reduced GFR), diabetic patients (ADA, 2015) and healthy controls of the same age and sex Detection of T regs and Th 17 cell were evaluated; T regs expressing CD4 & CD 25 while Th 17 cells expressing CD4 and CD161 was done by standard 2-color flow cytometry and Th17/Treg cells ratio was calculated. The results revealed that there was higher mean Th17 and Th17/Treg cells ratio among type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients compared to other two groups. There was lower mean Treg cells among type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients compared to other two groups with very high statistically significant differences. Also, there was higher mean Th17 and Th17/Treg cells ratio among type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals with very statistically significant differences that there was a strong positive correlation between BUN, serum creatinine, proteinuria and the grade of nephrropathic affection by the ultrasound from one side and Th17 and Th17/T reg cells ratio on the other side. But this correlation was strongly negative with T reg cells.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201DENGUE FEVER IN JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA: A COMPARISON BETWEEN ADULT AND PEDIATRIC INFECTIONS6156207657410.21608/jesp.2018.76574ENOSAMA ELSAYED MOHAMEDBEKHITDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.ABDULELAH ABDULGHANIALFATANIPediatrics
Consultant, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.AMGAD HAMEDKAMELDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.MAHMOUD HAMDY REZKEIDDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Laboratory
Consultant Andalusia Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20200309Dengue fever is a major infection in the world which geographically expanded. The disease is caused by dengue virus that transfers by Aedes mosquito mainly Ae. aegypti. It is endemic in Saudi Arabia and several outbreaks were reported. The virus primary affects different age groups. Dengue virus can cause classic dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. This study reviewed the clinical pictures, laboratory results and outcome of DF in adults and pediatrics. The retrospective descriptive study included 274 DF patients was conducted at Andalusia Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia over one year. Demographic data, clinical spectrum and laboratory investigations were recorded. The results showed that pediatrics were 45/274 (16.4%), while adults were 229 (83.6%), males were more dominant than females (30 or 66.7% & 169 or 73.8%) in pediatrics and adults respectively. Headache myalgia, and retro-orbital pain were the main clinical pictures in adults (p<0.05), while vomiting and diarrhea were prevalent in pediatrics (p<0.05). Anemia,<br />thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes were significantly higher in adults than pediatrics (p<0.05). Hospital stay and severe DF (DHF & DSS) were significantly higher in adults than pediatrics (p<0.05).The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS PREDOMINANCE AMONG SYMPTOMATIC EGYPTIAN CHILDREN6216277657610.21608/jesp.2018.76576ENSAMIR A.TAHADepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.ZEINABD AL AALDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.NESREEN S.SALEHDepartment of
Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Libya.AYMAN A.EL-BADRYDepartment of Medical
Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Cryptosporidiosis is a worldwide gastrointestinal disease caused by a protozoan parasite; Cryptosporidium. This study determined the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in fecal samples collected from children, and assessed the association between Cryptosporidium in stool with the patient’s age, gender and with seasonality. Fecal samples were collected from 176 children (1-12 years) attending gastrointestinal outpatients’ clinics in Aboul-Reesh Cairo University Pediatrics Hospital, Egypt. The samples were examined microscopically and by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay targeting Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene. The nPCR products were digested by restriction enzyme Rsa I. The obtained fragments were resolved by electrophoresis.PCR was more sensitive than microscopic examination in estimating<br />Cryptosporidium prevalence. Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 4.5% (8/176) of samples. Cryptosporidium DNA was in 11.9% (21/176). C. hominis (17 cases or 81%) was the predominant species among symptomatic children, peaking in the summer and a small rise in autumn. This study demonstrated that age, gender and season might shape the prevalence of such protozoa in a given population.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201EFFICACY OF PRAZIQUANTEL LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AGAINST BOTH ADULT AND SCHISTOSOMULA STAGES OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI6296387657810.21608/jesp.2018.76578ENGEHAN SALAHSADEKDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University,
Shebin el-kom, Menoufia, Egypt.NANCY MAHMOUDHARBADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University,
Shebin el-kom, Menoufia, Egypt.SAMAR AHMEDELREFAIDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University,
Shebin el-kom, Menoufia, Egypt.SHAIMAA AHMEDSHARAF EL-DEENDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University,
Shebin el-kom, Menoufia, Egypt.MONA MOHAMEDSALEHDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University,
Shebin el-kom, Menoufia, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Schistosomiasis is the 2nd most common parasitic disease that causes around 300000 deaths annually worldwide. The main antischistosomal therapy; praziquantel (PZQ) has many imperfections e.g. resistance, frail impact against premature stages and many side effects. This raised the need to find a substitute or to repair PZQ defects. This work aimed to assess value of loading PZQ to chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) regarding usage of lower PZQ dose (to decrease side effects) and broadening its spectrum (to involve premature stages of Schistosoma mansoni). This study involved 11 mice groups. The first four groups served for schistosomula studies (mice were euthanized 17 days post infection (d.p.i.). Group I served as positive schistosomula controls. Groups II, III and IV received pre-maturation treatments 10 d.p.i. The last seven groups served for adult worm studies (mice were euthanized 50 d.p.i.). Group V served as positive adult controls. Groups VI, VII and VIII received pre-maturation treatments 10 d.p.i. Groups IX, X and XI received post-maturation treatments 45 d.p.i.<br />Drug efficacy against schistosomula was assessed by counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the retrieved schistosomula. Efficacy against adult worms was assessed by studying worm load, ova count, oogram, granuloma studies and SEM of adult worms. Results showed that, PZQ loaded CS-NPs (PZQ/CS-NPs) significantly reduced schistosomula count with no morphological changes. Regarding adults, PZQ/CS-NPs achieved a statistically significant higher reduction of all assessed parameters - compared to traditional PZQ - especially when administered as a post-maturation treatment. Regardless of absent morphological changes of schistosomula, clear morphological deformities appeared when these schistosomula were permitted to develop into adults.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201DESCRIPTION OF THELANDROS AEGYPTI (NEMATODA: PHARYNGODONIDAE) FROM THE EGYPTIAN SPINY−TAILED LIZARD, UROMASTYX AEGYPTIA (SQUAMATA: AGAMIDAE) IN EGYPT6396447658010.21608/jesp.2018.76580ENFATHY M.ABDEL-GHAFFARDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.HUDAEL-FAYOUMIDepartment
of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni−Suef University, Beni−Suef, Egypt.HEBAABDEL-HALEEMDepartment
of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni−Suef University, Beni−Suef, Egypt.SARA A.MOHAMEDDepartment
of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni−Suef University, Beni−Suef, Egypt.KAREEMMORSYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Thelandros aegypti (Nematoda: Pharyngodonidae) isolated from the large intestine of the Egyptian spiny−tailed lizard, Uromastyx aegyptia, in North Sinai deserts, Egypt were described by means of light microscopy as a first description from this host in Egypt. 18 out of 25 (72%) of the examined specimens were naturally infected. The recovered nematodes characterized by the followings; the mouth bounded by three bilobed lips, the presence of three pairs of caudal papillae in male, the absence of gubernaculums, the post−equatorial vulva and the tail of female was suddenly constricted behind anus to form a terminal spike. Male was cylendrical with distinct posterior truncation, 3.0 (2.71-3.7) mm long; 0.24 (0.20-0.33) mm wide. Three pairs of anal Papillae were recorded; the first and the second were pre and perianal and the last pair immediately behind the rounded posterior region of the worm. The tail was narrow, sharply pointed and measured 0.052-0.072 mm in length with selender spicule measured 0.045-0.077mm long. Female was 4.34 (3.32-4.73) mm long, 0.29 (0.24-0.39) mm wide, vulva was post-equatorial, ovary was amphidelphic, the anterior part extended to the level of excretory pore and the posterior ovary extended posteriorly to the anal opening. Uteri were divergent. Egg was oval, slightly flattened and measured 65.4-79.2 μm long and 44.3-74 μm wide. The described parasite was compared with different species of the same genus from different hosts. It was found that morphometrically, the present species was more or less different from the comparable species and the only morphologically similar species was Thelandros aegypti.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201MALARIA SITUATION IN EGYPT THE LAST THREE YEARS: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN AN EGYPTIAN FEVER HOSPITAL6456547658310.21608/jesp.2018.76583ENMAHFOUZ AHMADAL-AGROUDIMilitary Medical Academy Cairo11291.GABR METWALLY SAYEDAHMADDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, Al Azhar University, Egypt.KONDO MOHAMEDKONDOLand Forces Medical Officer In-charge, Tanzania
People’s Defence Forces.TOSSON A.MORSYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine,
Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Malaria is a protozoan parasite caused by the genus Plasmodium with five human species: P. ovale, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. knowlesi, and P. falciparum. The last is the most dangerous and commonest in Africa. This retrospective study evaluated the situation of malaria in the last 3 years in an Egyptian Fever Hospital. The studied reviewed a total of 100 malaria patients medical sheets, their past and present history including (sign and symptoms, mode of trans-mission, diagnosis, complication, treatment and follow-up and prevention. The results showed all patients were youth re turning back from Central Africa, (41), Darfur, (38), DR Congo, (11), Nigeria, (3) to Chad (2) and one from to each of Rwanda, Djibouti, Yemen, Kenya, &/or Tanzania. The infective malaria species were P. falciparum (83 cases), P. vivax (10 cases), P. ovale (one case) and mixed infections (six cases). Stained blood films gave 100% positivity and Rapid diagnostic test failed in 4%. All patients were successfully treated except two.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201FIRST REDSCRIPTION AND A NEW HOST RECORD OF HYSTEROTHYLCIUM SEBAE BRUCE, 1990 FROM THE RED SEA FISH SCARUS PSITTACUS FROM EGYPT6556607658410.21608/jesp.2018.76584ENREFAAT M. A.KHALIFADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.HODA S.MOHAMADAINDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Qena, South Valley University, Egypt.YASSER F. M.KARARDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Qena, South Valley University, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Hysterothylacium sebae Bruce, 1990 (Nematodea: Raphidascadae) was collected from the small intestine of the marine fish Scarus psicattatus caught from Northern Red Sea, of Sharm El-Naga, Makady Bay, Sothern Hurgada, Red Sea Governorate. Out of eight examined fish, three (37.5%) were found naturally infected with H. sebae Bruce, 1990. The parasites (one adult male & eight females) were examined morphologically and morphometrically by light microscopy. According to the previouse literature, the present nematode parasite was never redescribed or reported from the<br />marine fish Scarus psicattus. Therefore, Scarus psittacus is reported as a new host record for Hysterothylacium sebae Bruce, 1990 and re-described in details for the first time from Egypt.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201GIARDIA INTESTINALIS ASSEMBLAGES AMONG EGYPTIAN SYMPTOMATIC CHILDREN: PREVALENCE AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION IN CAIRO, EGYPT6616687658510.21608/jesp.2018.76585ENSAMIR A.TAHADepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.ZEINABD AL AALDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.NESREEN S.SALEHDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benghazi University, Libya.AYMAN A.EL-BADRYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo,
Egypt.Journal Article20200309Giardia intestinalis is one the commonest enteric intestinal protozoan pathogens worldwide, notorious for its seasonal prevalence and wide age span of population infected G. intestinalis causes diarrhea in humans, especially in children. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. intestinalis isolated from Egyptian symptomatic children. A total of 176 faecal samples of children, from Aboul-Reesh Pediatrics Hospital, Cairo. Direct wet mount and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques were applied for microscopic determination of Giardia infection in faecal samples. DNA was extracted from positive stool samples and amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) using specific primers of G. intestinalis Trios Phosphate Isomerase (TPI) gene. Assemblages were determined using sequence analysis of<br />the TPI gene .Out of the 176 samples, G. intestinalis was detected in 33 (18.75%) and 24 (13.63%) cases using Coproscopy and nPCR, respectively. There was a significant predominance of assemblage B (20 cases [83.33%]) versus assemblage A (4 cases [16.66%]) In this study, molecular analysis revealed that assemblages A and B are the most common types with a predominance of assemblage B. These findings suggest that anthroponotic transmission could be<br />a dominant transmission route for giardiasis in Egypt.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201CHARACTERIZATION AND SOLUBILIZATION OF CHITOSAN FROM THE ORIENTAL HORNET (VESPA ORIENTALIS)6696767658610.21608/jesp.2018.76586ENMAGDA H.RADYDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science,
Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.EMAN E.ESSADepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science,
Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.SHIREEN A. M.MA’MOUNDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science,
Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.SHIMAA A. A.MO`MENDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science,
Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.MOHAMMAD S.SALAMADepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science,
Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.EMAD M. S.BARAKATDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science,
Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.WAEL S. I.ABOU-ELMAGDDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Chitosan was extracted from the oriental hornet, Vespa orientalis (L.), Vespinae, Order; Hymenoptera, as a new source of insect chitosan, using chemical methods. We assessed the physical properties of the wasp’s chitosan using different approaches including: preliminary color-change identification, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The results showed that it gave a higher purity, solubility and Degree of Deacetylation (DD) compared to crustacean chitosan. Also, it is soluble in a very low concentration of acetic acid from 0.25% to 0.5% while that of Crustacea was soluble in more than 1% acetic acid, so the oriental hornet could be a novel alternative source of higher pure and more soluble chitosan.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201IMPAIRED SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FALSE STABLE FLY, MUSCINA STABULANS (FALLEN) (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) BY PYRIPROXYFEN (A JUVENILE HORMONE ANALOGUE)6776887658810.21608/jesp.2018.76588ENKHALID SH.HAMADAHDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University,
Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200309The false stable fly Muscina stabulans (Diptera: Muscidae) is worldwide distributed with medical, veterinary and forensic importance. This study investigated the disruptive effects of Pyriproxyfen on survival, development, metamorphosis and morphogenesis of this fly. A series of Pyriproxyfen (5.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1 & 0.01μg/larva) was topically applied onto the early<br />last (3rd) instar larvae and prepupae. Regardless the time of treatment, different larval, pupal and adult mortalities were recorded. LD50 values of pyriproxyfen were calculated as 0.242 & 0.444μg/stage, respectively. Pyriproxyfen exhibited a shortening action on larval and pupal durations, with an exception of prolongation of pupal duration after treatment of the early last instar larvae. Adult longevity was pronouncedly shortened; and pupation was suppressed regardless the time of treatment. Adult emergence was partially blocked parallel to the dose level or in no certain trend. Various percentages of larval-pupal intermediates were recorded after treatment of early last instar larvae and some pupal-adult intermediates were produced after treatment of prepupae with the higher three doses. After prepupae treatment with lower three doses of pyriproxyfen, some failed to metamorphose into pupae and remained as permanent ones. Some deformed pupae were observed only after treatment of the last instar larvae. Topical application of pyriproxyfen onto the last instar larvae or prepupae caused emergence of some deformed adults. All deformed flies died within few days without mating.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201IN VITRO SCOLICIDAL EFFECT OF BEE VENOM ON ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS PROTOSCOLICES6896977658910.21608/jesp.2018.76589ENRANIA AYMANTAWFIKDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo
11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Hydatid disease has significant economic and health impacts in many parts of the world including Egypt and the Middle East. Surgery remains the most efficient treatment, however, dissemination of protoscolex-rich fluid during surgery is a major cause of recurrence. Instillation of a scolicidal agent into hydatid cysts is the most commonly employed measure to prevent this complication. To date, various scolicidal agents have been tried with varying success. Many of these scolicidal agents may cause unacceptable side effects. The present study investigated the scolicidal effect of bee venom (BV) on Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. Protoscolices were incubated with 50ppm and 100ppm BV for 30 minutes and scolicidal effect was assessed by motility, eosin exclusion test, morphological and ultrastructural alterations by light microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Apoptosis was determined by caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. Protoscolices incubated with 50ppm BV showed decreased viability by eosin exclusion test while those incubated with 100ppm BV showed a 100% death rate. BV caused distinct alterations in the morphology of protoscolices by both light microscopy and TEM and the expression of caspase-3 in protoscolices incubated with BV was significantly high. The results of the present study suggested that BV can be a very promising scolicidal agent and further studies on its effects and safety in experimental animals are recommended.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF DOXORUBICIN DRUG AS ANTICANCER AGENT USING A NATURAL COMPONENT: AN IN VIRTO STUDY6997127659010.21608/jesp.2018.76590ENABIR A.EL-FIKYVACSERA, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.REHAMMOHSENFaculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts
(MSA), Egypt.ALY F.MOHAMEDVACSERA, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.ESRAA M.WAHBAFaculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts
(MSA), Egypt.Journal Article20200309HCC is the sixth commonest cancer worldwide and the third one to cause death. In Egypt, liver cancer forms 1.68% of total malignancies. HCC constitutes 70.48% of liver tumors. HCC represents the main complication of cirrhosis. Chemotherapy has an undesirable side effect, so the drugs are used instead. Bee venom and curcumin have been used as folk medicine since ancient times. This study examined the anticancer potential of bee (Apis mellifera) venom and curcumin compared with a synthetic anticancer of Doxorubicin (Dox) drug, and tested the effect of combination between the tested three components to decrease the chemotherapy side effect. Cytotoxicity activity of Bee venom and curcumin were determined using MTT assay. Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry and apoptotic detection by using Annexin V-FITC Assay. RNA was extracted to evaluate the expression of P53, Bcl2 & NF-κB genes using semi-quantitative RT-PCR after 24hrs. HepG2 cell line was more save to test bee venom and curcumin onHepG2 cell line. Curcumin and bee venom had IC50 as 15.15 & 31μg/ml with HepG2 cell line. Combination between Bee venom, curcumin, and doxorubicin drug had apoptotic effect against HepG2cell line through the elevation by increasing the level of p53 & NF-κB genes and decrease<br />the Bcl-2 gene expression.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201IMMUNOHISTOPATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF HEPATIC CD14 EXPRESSION IN MURINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI7137197659110.21608/jesp.2018.76591ENTAREKABOUSHOUSHADepartment of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba P. O. Box 30, Giza, Egypt.CHRISTINA ATEFGHALYFaculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts
(MSA), Giza, Egypt.MOHAMEDGALALFaculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts
(MSA), Giza, Egypt.AMIRAKAMELDepartment of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba P. O. Box 30, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200309Bilharziasis is one of the most common parasitic diseases, mostly affecting the liver by causing the formation of granuloma and hepatic fibrosis, and historically endemic diseases in Egypt. Hundreds of studies examined the hepatic schistosomiasis pathogenesis to find out points for possible drug interference with disease progression and complications. The macrophages are the major source of CD14 in liver granulomas of S. mansoni-infected mice and CD14 might have<br />regulatory roles during infection. The current study evaluated the cellular expression of CD14 in livers of S. mansoni infected mice in comparison with healthy controls, for assessment of its potential regulatory role in schistosome-induced hepatic fibrosis. Histopathological study of livers of S. mansoni infected mice after 12 weeks of infection was conducted using routine H&E stain and M.T stain for tissue fibrosis. Immunohistochemical evaluation of CD14 positive cells was<br />also performed using DAB as a chromogen. The results showed upregulation of CD14 expression in infected mice, compared to healthy control mice, with variable percentage and different distribution in relation to granuloma type.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201ACUTE LARVICIDAL TOXICITY AND REPELLENCY EFFECT OF OCTOPUS CYANEA CRUDE EXTRACTS AGAINST THE FILARIASIS VECTOR, CULEX PIPIENS7217287659210.21608/jesp.2018.76592ENHUSSEIN A.EL-NAGGARDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.AHMED I.HASABALLAHDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200309This study evaluated the acute larval toxicity and repellent effect of solvent extracts of the big blue octopus, Octopus cyanea on the mosquito, Culex pipiens. Results showed that the highest effect of the acute larvicidal activities was recorded for ethanol extract (LC50=24.57ppm), followed by methanol extract (LC50=35.85 ppm). The repellency percentages increased with the increase of concentration producing the highest at 200 ppm and 50 ppm for methanol and ethanol extracts, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 19 compounds in ethanol extract and 5 compounds in methanol extract with insecticidal activities. The major identified bioactive compounds are Eugenol; Furoscrobiculin B; Hexadecanoic acid, methylester; Hexadecanoic acid, 1(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediylester; Octadecanoic acid, methylester; Oleic acid, eicosyl ester; 2-Methyl-5H-dibenz [b, f] azepine and many polysiloxanes compounds. Generally, results obtained indicated that O. cyanea ethanol extract induced remarkable effects on both acute larvicidal and repellent activities.The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058348320181201Curing Hepatitis C minimize liver disease complications and death among Egyptian patients7297307659310.21608/jesp.2018.76593ENRUNIA F.EL-FOLLYDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo
11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200309