The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401EVALUATION OF PLUMBAGIN AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR MURINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI198874310.21608/jesp.2020.88743ENEMAN E. A.METWALYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University for
Girls, Egypt.SAEDIA A.SAYEDEL-AHLDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University for
Girls, Egypt.SOHEIR S.MAHMOUDTheodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt.DOAA A.AHMEDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University for
Girls, Nasr City.Journal Article20200512Schistosomiasis still one of the major health problems worldwide, affecting millions of people in economically challenged tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Currently the treatment of schistosomiasis relies on a single anti-parasitic drug praziquantel; however it was found it is not fully effective and the potential for development of resistant to praziquantel has justified the research for new alternative chemotherapies especially from natural sources. The current study evaluated the anti-parasitic effect of plumbagin against S. mansoni infected mice either alone or in combination with praziquantel through, parasitological parameters (worm load, oogram pattern, liver and intestine egg load) and histopathological parameters (granuloma number and diameter). Plumbagin showed a significant reduction in total worm burden (P <0.05), increase in dead eggs in oogram pattern and reduction in tissue ova count. Mean hepatic granulomas number and diameter were decreased with elevation in percentage of degenerated ova, compared to control group. Results were improved when praziquantel was used in combination with plumbagin as no male or coupled worm were detected, no immature ova and highly significant reduction in tissue egg load in liver and intestine (P < 0.001) compared to infected control group.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88743_448a6fdaddbd3096d3aab61c0548d24b.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401EVALUATION OF PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SOLUBLE EGG ANTIGEN CONJUGATED WITH TREHALOSE DIMYCOLATE ADJUVANT IN EXPERIMENTAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI10208874510.21608/jesp.2020.88745ENHEBA SABRYSHABAANDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom,
Egypt.OMAIMA KAMELEL-SHAFEYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom,
EgyptBAHAA EL-DEEN WADEEL-ASWADDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom,
EgyptSHAIMAA AHMEDSHARAF EL-DEENDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom,
EgyptREHAM MUSTAFABRAKATDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin ElKom,
EgyptJournal Article20200512Schistosomiasis is the second most common parasitic infection all over the world. It is responsible for thousands of deaths per year. Control of this infection depends mainly on praziquantel which unfortunately has many defects e.g. occurrence of reinfection and risk of resistance. So, a suitable vaccine is an urgent need. The vaccination that elicits a combined Th1 and Th2 is considered a proper vaccine candidate. Trehalose Dimycolate (TDM) is an immunogen that proved potent activation of Th1 lymphocytes. Effects of its combination with the Th2 stimulant, soluble egg antigen (SEA) in protection against Schistosoma mansoni infection in experimental animals were studied. Combined SAE+TDM achieved statistically significant protection against infection causing reduction of the worm load and ova count. A large percentage of the laid ova were even immature. Combined immunization was associated with reduced hepatic granuloma number, diameter and hepatic fibrosis percentage. Moreover, SEA+TDM increased stimulation of M2 type macrophages that limited the spread of hepatic fibrosis. It was concluded that SEA+TDM achieved the best protection from infection and the resulting pathology.<br />This can be regarded to increased activation of humoral and cellular wings of immunity and activations of both anti-S. mansoni and tissue protecting macrophages and cytokines.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88745_14f248be5ca5d990b0db7a926aa84d78.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401THERAPUTIC EFFICACY OF PROBIOTICS AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL GIARDIASIS: HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, HISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES21328874710.21608/jesp.2020.88747ENMAGDA MOSTAFASANADDepartments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.DALIA ABD EL KHALIKABO EL MAATYDepartments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.NAGLAA FATHYABD EL-AALDepartments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.ASMAA M. FAROUKAL-GHANDOURDepartments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.AZZA ISMAELFARAGHuman Anatomy and Embryology,
Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.ASMAA MOHAMMEDYOUSEFDepartments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.TAHANI ISMAILFARAGDepartments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptJournal Article20200512Giardia lamblia, protozoan intestinal flagellate, is the causative agent of human giardiasis. Currently used therapeutic agents have significant side effects or contraindicated in some clinical conditions and show failure due to drug resistance. This study evaluated the probiotic in vivo-therapeutic efficacy; potent Acidophillus probiotics versus metronidazole against<br />giardiasis in experimentally infected mice, by histopathological changes of intestinal mucosa, and their impact on the ultrastructure of the pathogenic trophozoites. Forty seven Swiss albino mice were divided into groups: GI: 2 mice non-infected, nontreated mice. GII: 15 mice only infected with G. lamblia cysts, (non-treated). GIII: 15 mice infected and treated orally with potent Acidophillus probiotics. G IV: 15 mice infected with G. lamblia cysts and treated orally with metronidazole. All mice were subjected to parasitological, histo-pathological, goblet cells mucous secreting activity and trophozoite ultrastructural studies. There was high significant difference between the infected non-treated controls and potent Acidophillus-treated group concerning; patent period, infection intensity, reduction percentage of cyst shedding and cure rate, but without significant difference between potent Acidophillus-of treated group and metronidazole-treated group.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88747_8ede24cd1e35da35c9b1c13d0334602f.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401EVALUATION OF COMMON MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINIS33408874810.21608/jesp.2020.88748ENWAAD T.ALDAHHASIDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.FAWZIA H.TOULAHDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.MAJED H.WAKIDDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Special Infectious Agent Unit,
King Fahd .+Medical Research Center3, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences,
P. O. Box 80324, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589,, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20200512Blastocystis hominis is the most prevalent eukaryotic intestinal protozoa that colonize the human gut, associated with intestinal disorders, with pathogenic controversial as most of them are asymptomatic. In this study, a comparison was carried out for sensitivity and specificity among two common using light microscopy, direct wet smear and Ritchie for the diagnosis B. hominis in human stools. Stool samples were collected from 29 Saudi and 111 non-Saudi patients, and examined for the detection of B. hominis. The infection was among age group between 31-50 years old and the highest rate was among male patients. Also, the results revealed that 98 samples were positive by direct smears; the sensitivity and specificity were 100% &75.9% respectively. Meanwhile, Ritchie technique revealed 86 positive samples, the sensitivity<br />and specificity were 99% and 90.9% respectively.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88748_b6b34d2fd7c1109c51d44e3e76231a7e.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401TOXOCARIASIS: VISCERAL AND OCULAR LARVA MIGRANS41488874910.21608/jesp.2020.88749ENTOSSON A.MORSYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566,
Egypt.Journal Article20200512Toxocariasis is a neglected socioeconomically important zoonotic nematode parasite that afflicts millions of the pediatric and adolescent populations worldwide, especially in impoverished communities. This disease is caused by infection with the larvae of Toxocara canis and T. cati, the most ubiquitous intestinal nematode parasite in dogs and cats, respectively. Human infections can lead to syndromes called visceral larva migrans (VLM), ocular larva migrans, neurotoxocariasis, and covert toxocariasis. Infection is not often fatal, but the inflammatory response to migrating larvae is associated with<br />increased leukocytosis, including generalized lymphadenopathy, endophthalmitis, granulomatous hepatitis, asthma, endomyocarditis, and high eosinophilia (>30%) as well as malignancyhttps://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88749_acfaa8b05fc3f4b0d8cc9c9bb320afac.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401PREVALENCE OF PARASITIC INFESTATION IN THE BLUE CRAB PORTUNUS PELAGICUS, DAMIETTA, EGYPT49548875110.21608/jesp.2020.88751ENRANIA M.ELBESHKARDepartments of Zoology, Faculties of Science, Damietta University, Egypt.SHEREEN A.FAHMYDepartments of Zoology, Faculties of Science, Damietta University, Egypt.RABAB M.ALKARADAWEDepartments of Zoology, El- Arish
University, Egypt.SAMYA H.MOHAMMADDepartments of Zoology, Port Said University, Egypt.Journal Article20200512The present study focused on parasites that infected the blue crab Portunus pelagicus. This crab is a very popular sea food for the inhabitants of the costal sea of Egypt. Samples were seasonally collected from Mediterranean Sea, Ras El Bar, Damietta, Egypt. The present study exhibited that 2 parasitic species (protozoa and larval nematode) infested the crab. The infestation rate varied according to the infected tissue of the host, seasons and sexes. Gills were found to be higher infected ( %) than gonads. Seasonal variation in the parasitic infection showed that the highest prevalence was during winter (37%) and summer (35%). Sex of the host crab also affected the infestation with the parasites. Male crabs were found to be higher infected (78%) than females (22%). So, the current study provides a contribution to our knowledge of the parasites that infesting one of the most important economic sea foods. https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88751_0f4b9139488899c627d9e5a9d182f242.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF HIV PATIENTS ATTENDING THE ABBASIA FEVER HOSPITAL55628875310.21608/jesp.2020.88753ENMOHAMED MOHEIEL BADRYDepartment of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Aswan University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.HAGAR A.ELESSAWYDepartment of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.FATMA AHMEDALI-ELDEENDepartment of Tropical
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200512HIV/ADIS is one of uprising problem in Egypt as UNAIDS Estimated that more than 22 thousand people infected at the end of 2018 this represent less than 1% of population. Without screening in high risk groups and prompt management of infected patients this may lead to spreading of infection and death from opportunistic infections. The present study identified clinical presentations, characteristics of patients and risk factors associated with infection in positive HIV patients attended to Abassia Fever Hospital in a year (2015-2016). Data of clinical presentations and demographic characteristics of 100 consecutive patients were collected during admission. The results showed that 82% of patients were from urban area and 18% from rural area and 93% of patients were smoker (65%), married (80%) and were on regular<br />HAART. Regarding clinical manifestations and CD4 count; 68% of the patients had ADIS criteria, 30% had diarrhea, 28% had chest infections, 59% had anemia and 64% had CD4 count less than 200cells/ μL however a single case had presented with Kaposi sarcoma.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88753_bd6fe973aee923ee33ec706f664e30a0.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401A MINI-REVIEW ON NICOTINE AND ITS CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS63748875410.21608/jesp.2020.88754ENTOSSON A.MORSYFaculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.MANA MASFER M.ALWADAIPoison Control
Center and Forensic Medical Chemistry, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20200512Nicotine is a naturally-occurring alkaloid found primarily in tobacco. It is most commonly absorbed from cigarette smoke. A cigarette contains 10 to 15mg nicotine and delivers on average 1mg nicotine to the smoker. Nicotine is also available from smokeless tobacco (snuff, chewing tobacco), pipe and cigar tobacco, waterpipe tobacco, and a variety of smoking cessation medications. Nicotine is also present in some insecticides, which may be a source of accidental or intentional poisoning. About 17% of nicotine is excreted unchanged in urine, with rate of urinary excretion is pH-dependent, decreasing in alkaline urine. Nicotine is found in milk of lactating women; with concentrations that parallel those of plasma. But, approximately 80 to 90% of nicotine is metabolized by lung, liver, and kidney; the principle metabolite is cotinine, which has a plasma concentration that is 10-fold higher than nicotine. In fact, nicotine itself even has some benefits. For instance, author linked chewing nicotine gum with improved shortterm memory, and less likely to develop Parkinson's disease, reduce stress and anxiety, and stabilize mood. Nicotine is used as an insecticide since the 1690s, as tobacco extracts, but not commercially available in the US since 2014, and homemade pesticides are banned on organic<br />crops and not for small gardeners. Nicotine pesticides have been banned in the EU since 2009. Foods are imported from countries in which nicotine pesticides are allowed, such as China, but foods may not exceed maximum nicotine levels. Neonicotinoids derived from and structurally similar to nicotine, are widely used as agricultural and veterinary pesticides as of 2016.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88754_4d8c221d612a5af30618d9c0692ae99f.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401NEW HOST RECORD OF ECHINOCEPHALUS OVERSTREETI DEARDORFF AND KO (1983) (NEMATODA: GNATHOSTOMATIDAE) FROM THE COMMON SEA BREAM PAGRUS PAGRUS (SPARIDAE) OF THE RED SEA IN EGYPT75788875510.21608/jesp.2020.88755ENZEINAB I.ADAMDepartments of Zoology, Faculties of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.SAHAR S.EL-GANAINYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia
University, Minya, EgyptSAYED A.AHMEDDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia
University, Minya, EgyptMANAL F.EL GARHYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.KAREEM S.MORSYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.+Department of Biology, Faculty of science, King
Khalid University, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20200512Several nematode species of family Gnathostomatidae are considered as fish-borne zoonotic parasites, although feral dogs and cats are the commonly identified definitive hosts of these species, humans may accidentally be part of the life cycle of these nematodes by eating undercooked fish infected by the fourth larval stages (L4). In the present study, thirty<br />five fish specimens of the common sea bream Pagrus pagrus (Sparidae) were collected from a location along the Red Sea at Hurghada city, Cairo, Egypt. Twenty two fish were infected by the nematode parasite Echinocephalus overstreeti (family: Gnathostomatidae) isolated from the peritoneal cavity of infected fish attached externally to host viscera. After<br />isolation and fixation, worms were examined by light and scanning electron microscopes. Morphologically, parasite possessed most of the features characterizing of Gnathostomatidae members. Body long with very narrow lateral alae, simple pseudolabia, 2 well-developed papillae and amphid, a cephalic bulb armed with six transverse rows of claw-shaped spines and a conical pointed tail equipped with anus.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88755_c0532e2d767b059f28ec747a7b5ffb31.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401THE EFFICACY OF DIZYGTHECA KERCHOVEANA AND AZADIRACHTA INDICA EXTRACTS AS A MOLLUSCICIDAL AND SCHISTOSOMICIDAL AGENTS IN MICE79868875710.21608/jesp.2020.88757ENAZZA M.EL AMIRDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.ALYAA A.FARIDDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.MARIAMMOHAMEDDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of
Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Egypt.WAADRAMADANDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of
Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Egypt.AYMAN ALIDIABDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of
Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Egypt.Journal Article20200512In the present study, the effect of methanol extracts of two plant species, Dizygotheca kerchoveana (Maliaceae) and Azadirachta indica (Araliacaea) were tested on the activity of Schistosoma mansoni worms. Efficacy of two plant extracts compared with praziquantel (PZQ) was evaluated in vivo. The results showed that reduction was 90% in case of PZQ treatment compared to 76.91%, 62.64% after treatment with D. kerchoveana and A. indica extracts respectively. PZQ recorded highest significant number of dead ova into oogram pattern (80±1.80) at 5wk PI. But, good results were obtained by of D. kerchoveana and A. indica methanol extracts (65.00±4.05 & 60.60±3.60, respectively) at 3wk PI. Efficacy of the plant extract showed a significant (P<0.01) reduction in ova to 91-96.20% in intestine, 83.36-91.24% in hepatic tissues as compared to PZQ (10-66.50% & 1.14-80.64%, respectively). Reduction in hepatic granuloma<br />diameter at 3wk PI was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in group treated with D. kerchoveana (40.43% & 38.30%) as compared to PZQ (8.70% & 11.7%). Sera were assayed by ELISA for IgM & IgG levels. Highly significant (P<0.01) increase in Igs levels in all infected treated or untreated groups was at 3wk & 5wk PI as compared to normal mice.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88757_59aa44a1bcdb0781cdc8f9367b5fb170.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401CARCINOGENIC AGENTS AND NON TRADITIONAL TREATMENT87928875810.21608/jesp.2020.88758ENTOSSON A.MORSYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo
11566, Egypt.HAZEM H. M.KHALILConsultant of General Medicine, Egypt.RABAB A.ABDEL MONEIMDepartment of Clinical Oncology,
Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Cancer is responsible for more than 10 million cases worldwide and the numbers are increasing. About 27% of patients undergo spontaneous regression (remission) and healing by unknown mechanism that is likely immunological by activation of natural killer cells. For centuries, herbs and plants have been used for medicinal purposes and as food as well.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88758_b927d0c47e8777202707d3421b541e57.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401PREVALENCE OF THIELERIASIS AND ITS VECTOR IN CATTLE IN NEW-VALLEY GOVERNORATE, EGYPT93978875910.21608/jesp.2020.88759ENSARA M.SAYEDAnimal Health Research Institute of New Valley, Egypt.SOTOHY A.SOTOHYDepartment of Veterinary
Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Egypt.MOSTAFA A.SALEHAnimal Health Research Institute of New Valley, Egypt.AHMED G.ABDELAZEEMDepartment
of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt.AHMED K.DYABDepartment of parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.Journal Article20200512The present study was conducted for one year period extended from April 2018 to March 2019 which aimed to evaluate some epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic state of tropical theileriasis and tick infestation on cattle in New-Valley Governorate. For this purpose a total of 414 cattle of different ages, sexes and from different localities were examined for Theileria annulata infection and tick infestation. The result of tick infestation on cattle showed that the prevalence was 116 out of 414 examined samples (28%) were positive for tick infestation. Only one tick species, Hyalomma anatolicum was identified during the present study. Also, the results revealed that 160/414 (38.65%) of examined cattle were positive for Theileria annulata infection.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88759_b19439facf27db217be1ec900aa755e4.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401VALUE OF POOLED GASTRO-INTESTINAL NEMATODE COPROANTIGENS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INHIBITED LARVAE INFECTION IN EGYPTIAN SHEEP981048876010.21608/jesp.2020.88760ENHEND M.AUDADepartment of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.MARWA M.KHALIFADepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.MAHMOUD M.AMINDepartment of Medicine and Infectious Diseases,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.MOHAMED M.EL BAHYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Parasitic gastroenteritis (PGE) infecting sheep in acute or chronic forms causes severe economic losses. Infections by adult worms can be easily diagnosed and controlled, but infection by migrating and inhibited larvae are difficult to diagnose. Detection of anti-parasite antibodies in sera of infected animals needs special Ag for each species and presence of antibodies in sera does not reflect the actual infection. This study evaluated diagnostic efficacy of two pooled Copro Ag(s) prepared from feces of PGE infected sheep with larval5 species (Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Nematodirus spp., Cooperia spp. & Ostertagia spp.) in sheep. Diagnostic values of pooled Ag(s) were compared with two separate worm Ag(s) (Haemonchus spp. & Trichostrongylus spp.) using indirect and antigen capture ELISA. The results showed high sensitivity for pooled Copro and larval Ag(s) than individual parasitic Ag(s) in detecting Ab(s) in infected animals. Copro Ag showed high sensitivity (87.69%) than larval Ag (75.38%). For Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus Ag was 44.62% & 32.31% respectively. Pooled larval antigen showed high specificity (86.66%) than Copro Ag (78.33%), without cross reaction with non-infected controls. In migrating and inhibited larvae, pooled Ag showed 80% sensitivity in detecting PGE circulating antigen in animals without eggs in feces compared to 30% sensitivity using pooled Copro antigen by sandwich ELISA. Positive animals shed eggs in feces during follow up prior to parturition. Diagnosis of inhibited larvae circulating<br />Ag(s) using pooled larval antigen was promising method in expecting time of autoinfection of sheep due to activation of arrested larvae within the bodies. This facilitated their therapeutic treatment at a critical time before the sudden re-appearance of infection.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88760_3ae154bde466b66e663f9f2c3956f2cc.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS (BEAUVERIA SPP.) ON DIFFERENT STAGES OF MUSCA DOMESTICA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)1051128876110.21608/jesp.2020.88761ENAHMED M.ABDEL-GAWADDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.MARWA M.KHALIFADepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.MAHMOUD D.ELHARIRIDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.MAHMOUD A.MAHMOUDDepartment of
Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.MENNA A.EL-GENEADYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200512The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria spp. was isolated from house flies collected from different localities in various Egyptian Governorates. Flies were trapped from garbage piles, dairy and meat production processes on cattle farms and fowl farms. The study focused on Beauveria spp. as entomopathogens were widely used in recent decades as a biological control of the population of house flies, to avoid hazardous effects of insecticides on man animals, and natural eco-systems. Experimental laboratory trials were done using immersion of larvae on serial dilution of Beauveria spores reared different stages of the house flies. Infected larvae, pupae and adults were examined macroscopically for visible growth of fungi, before further studies using scanning electron microscope and histopathological methods, to investigate destructive impact of the fungus on the external and internal structures. The previous investigations revealed adhesion growth and propagation of the conidia on the cuticle of all stages, including compound eyes, setae of the legs, thorax, wings and abdomen of adults. Penetration and propagation of the conidia was evident in larval internal tissues causing lysis of fat cells, and of thoracic muscles of adults.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88761_b69d4c1074fa8163f596ba9247e23c13.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401BITING PERSISTENCE IN AEDES ALBOPICTUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)1131188876210.21608/jesp.2020.88762ENABEER S.YAMANYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.+Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Hafr Al-Batin University, Saudi
Arabia.Journal Article20200512Mosquitoes body size infuences a number of important factors determinants in disease transmission. Generally, high nutrition during developing stages results in large adults. The interrupted feeding of Ae. albopictus spreads zoonotic viruses. Adult dry weight and total number of landings positively correlated with the larval nutrition represented by adult body size. Potentiality of Ae. albopictus to attack its hosts for blood meal required for egg development is an important factor in disease transmission. Although the biting persistence was described in the literature as the norm for mosquitoes, yet more study was needed. Measurement of the number of landings during a 60-min test for large and small females<br />supplied different nutrients. Small females were significantly less persistent than larger ones. Supply of 10% sucrose solution or water ± 10% sucrose solution for 6 days significantly influenced biting persistence in large and small females. The pattern of persistence exhibited more increase in case of females fed 10% sucrose solution and 10% sucrose solution<br />+ water for 6 days than others fed for 4 days or 2 days, either from the high or low larval diet. This support the hypothesis that Ae. albopictus females body size influences bitting persistence.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88762_4c3e84db7efdda21cdd6f59a62a6ec85.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENT: FROM A RISKY DISEASE TO A FRIEND1191268879910.21608/jesp.2020.88799ENABEER E.SAADDepartment of Pathology, Medical Parasitology Subunit, College of Medicine, Jouf
University.+Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University.HEBA B.GHANEMDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences,
Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.+Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Trichinella spiralis infection is capable of manipulating the human immunological system through modulation of cells and molecules of the host`s immune system. There are different mechanisms of T. spiralis for changing the balance of immunological response to be benefit for the parasite and host. Moreover, there is similarity in-between the response of infected muscle cells at early stage of infection and muscle regeneration. As a result, T. spiralis may have therapeutic effects in many autoimmune and degenerative diseases.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88799_bf070e416411bf0ee8db798329befd19.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401ALTERNATIVE STAINING OF FASCIOLA GIGANTICA USING NATURAL HERBAL DYES1271348880910.21608/jesp.2020.88809ENMARWA E.ALYAnimal Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt.AHMED K.DYABDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt.DOAA A.YONESDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt.YASSER M.MOHAMEDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt.SOAAD A.BAYOUMIDepartment of Pharmacognosy,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Assuit University, EgyptNAHED A.ELOSSILYDepartment of Medical Parasitology,
Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt.Journal Article20200512The Aqueous extracts of red beet, China rose, henna and acid carmine stains were used to stain the adult worms of F. gigantca. The stained flukes showed varying degrees of pigmentation with well-defined external and internal structure. Oral and ventral sucker, muscular pharynx, oesophagus, intestinal ceca and cirrus sac took rose to light cherry color in aqueous extract of china rose, orange to brown color in aqueous extract of sugar beet, beige to pale brown color in aqueous extract of henna while they took deep red color in carmine stain with best quality achieved by china rose aqueous extract. The ovary, testes and longitudinal excretory canal/pore took rose to cherry color in aqueous extract of China rose, pale brown color in aqueous extracts of both sugar beet and henna while they acquired red to pink color in acid carmine stain. Aqueous extracts of sugar beet exhibited little better quality in revealing characteristics of vitelline ducts and<br />vitelline glands compared to the aqueous extract of China rose, henna and carmine stain. Uterus stained brown in both sugar beet aqueous extracts and carmine stain while it took yellow color when stained with China rose and henna. Eggs inside uterus took light yellow color in all tested aqueous extracts. Ootype/mehli gland and yolk reservoir of F. gigantica took brown color in aqueous extracts of red beet, China rose and henna, red to pink color in carmine stain. Spines<br />covering the cuticle appeared rose color in aqueous extract of china rose, pale brown color in aqueous extract of sugar beet extract and henna, and pale red color in carmine stain.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88809_4181932162662b3fe9bd2cbf7490987f.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401THE POSSIBLE ANTISCHISTOSOMAL EFFECT OF ALLICIN IN SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI INFECTED ALBINO MICE1351408881210.21608/jesp.2020.88812ENALI H.ABU ALMAATYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.HADEER A.RASHEDDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.NAHLA S.EL-SHENAWYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522,
Egypt.MAHA F. M.SOLIMANDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522,
Egypt.Journal Article20200512Schistosomiasis is endemic mainly in Africa and the Middle East Countries, causing acute and chronic clinical pathogenicity. This study evaluated the potential antischistosomal efficiency of allicin against S. mansoni infected mice. Twenty CD1 male Albino mice were divided into two groups (10 mice/group). G1 (infected and treated with 0.9% NaCl), and G2 (infected and treated with 20mL/kg of allicin). Seven weeks post-infection, each group was intraperitoneally injected with allicin (3 times/week), sacrificed at the end of the 8th-week. Liver was harvested for studing worm burden, egg load, and oogram pattern. The recovered worms from both groups were subject to SEM and DNA fragmentation tests to monitor the differences. The results showed a significant reduction in worm burden and changes in oogram pattern of<br />G2 mice as compared to G1 (control). Allicin gave marked deformation of oral, ventral suckers and atrophy of the tubercles as well as marked fragmentation of the worms DNA.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88812_5255a89c88fc18efad4312102312d245.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401PREVALENCE AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM ON THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT IN SOHAG GOVERNORATE, UPPER EGYPT1411488882010.21608/jesp.2020.88820ENNOHA S.AHMEDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.SHEREN F.MAHMOUDDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.AHMED A.ATAHADepartment
of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.NAHED A.EL-OSSILYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.YASSER M.MOHAMEDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Urinary schistosomiasis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation affects many body systems including female genital tract. The present study determined the prevalence and infection intensity of urogenital schistosomiasis and made a retrospective analysis of histopathological changes in female genital tract affected by S. haematobium among female patients attended Sohag University Hospitals, from October 2016 to September 2019. A total of 100 fallopian tube, 50 cervical and 50 vaginal specimens were collected from 200 female patients (126 rural & 74 urban) aged between 20-50 years; suffering from infertility, bleeding, pelvic discomfort and or dyspareunia. Histopathological examination of tissue biopsies was performed. Urine examination for all participants was done to detect S. haematobium eggs and infection intensity by using a standard urine filtration technique. Seven specimens (7%) were documented to have fallopian tube, five (10%) cervical and two (4%) vaginal schistosomiasis. Twelve out of 14 genital schistosomiasis cases were rural (85.7%) and two cases were urban (14.3%). Urine examination revealed 18 Schistosoma haematobium egg positive samples out of 200 participants (9%), {6 (33.3%) with light infection intensity and 12 (66.7%) with heavy infection intensity}. Nine out of 14 female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) cases (64.2%) were positive for Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine, eight (88.8%) of them with heavy infection intensity.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88820_6df445f1a0c47f2229aa8fb084a3a7e9.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401LIGHT AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF ECHINORHYNCHUS GADI INFECTING THE EUROPEAN EEL ANGUILLA ANGUILLA IN EGYPT1491528882310.21608/jesp.2020.88823ENREWAIDAABDEL-GABERDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.+Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia.HEWAYDAH E.ABOU SHAFEEYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Fish are important to man as a good source of protein in man’s diet and as source of some zoonotic pathogens. This study investigated the helminthes infecting the European eel Anguilla anguilla that collected from Red Sea, Egypt. Only acanthocephala parasite was recovered from the intestine of infected fish with prevalence of 12.5%. The infection was analyzed according to the seasonal prevalence and showed the highest rate during winter rather than the lowest one<br />during summer. Morphological and morphometric analyses for the parasite species revealed that it possess all the characteristic features of the genus Echinorhynchus, but closely related to Echinorhynchus gadi described by Müller (1776). Future molecular studies are recommended for this parasite in order to clarify the actual systematic position.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88823_5e0d7ee0b7d78342fd5114a5dc5c4cf9.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401SPIGELIAN HERNIA REPAIR USING THE PROLENE HERNIA SYSTEM1531598882510.21608/jesp.2020.88825ENEISSA ABDEL HAMEDIBRAHIMConsultant General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Cairo 11291, Egypt.YASSR MOHAMEDSHAFIKConsultant Anesthesia and Pain Management,
Military Medical Academy, Cairo 11291, Egypt.Journal Article20200512The results of spigelian hernia repair with prolene hernia system in a prospective study were evaluated from October 2014 to December 2018 on 20 patients with spigelian hernia- 12 patients female and 8 patients male were operated using prolene hernia system (prolene mesh) repair. All had spigelian hernia most of the hernia located on right side. All patients had examination 2 week after operation and follow up every month up to one year, without major complication. There was three miled wound infection and was treated by antibiotic and that improved without removing the mesh. No recurrence after the operation sermoa was found in four patients three female and on male and was treated by aseptic aspiration of seroma and antibiotic. Mean hospital stay was 2 days. Because of low complication rate, no recurrent and short hospital stay spigelian hernia repair with the prolene hernia system is the operation of choice for spigelian hernia.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88825_98acacf2366e631148695267de31eee0.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401TREATMENT POTENTIAL OF ALOE VERA GEL IN GAIRDIA INTESTINALIS INFECTED ALBINO RATS1601668882710.21608/jesp.2020.88827ENALYAA A.FARIDDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.MUSHIRAHAMADOUFaculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA),
6 October, Giza, Egypt.GEHANSAFWATFaculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA),
6 October, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Aloe vera has been used as a traditional medicine in many cultures, especially Egypt, and known for its therapeutical effects with dermatitis, ulcer and burns. It has many beneficial properties as it is a powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. G. intestinalis is a waterborne parasite that causes human giardiasis. In Egypt, outbreaks commonly occur in areas where water treatment is insufficient leading to infection rates of 50% of the total population. The current treatment against G. intestinalis involves metronidazole, known as flagyl, which can induce many side effects as headache, vertigo, nausea, and a metallic taste in the mouth. Previous studies showed that high doses of metronidazole, over long periods, have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in experimental animals. The study aims to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera in treatment of G. intestinalis in male albino rats in comparison to metronidazole. Our results showed that Aloe vera cleared the infection and reduced inflammatory cytokines in treated groups. Thus it can be used instead of metronidazole in treatment of G. intestinalis due to its anti-inflammatory properties and to avoid the undesired side effect of the metronidazole.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88827_ee103c136fd8a5b380a24b3366fa1220.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS AND MALARIA FALCIPARUM IN CASES PRESENTED BY FEVER WITH ANEMIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF YEMEN1671728883310.21608/jesp.2020.88833ENAHMED MOHAMEDABOHASSANDepartments of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt.SOLTANELKOBATYDepartments of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sanaa University, Yemen.Journal Article20200512No doubt, both visceral leishmaniasis and malignant malaria are more or less common in many Eastern Mediterranean Countries. Both of these arthropod-borne infectious diseases have overlapping clinical presentations. This study aimed to clarify the main clinical features and laboratory diagnostic tests. A total of forty Plasmodium falciparum patients and thirty visceral leishmaniasis patients were studied. Sheets were filled on each subject included, full history taking, full clinical examination, CBC, liver and renal function tests, x-ray chest and abdominal ultrasound, bone marrow aspiration.. The results showed that jaundice and liver affection tests were more common in malaria (jaundice, 55%, high ALT & AST, 60%) than in visceral leishmaniasis (high bilirubin, 30% high ALT & AST, 40%). Besides, the malaria affected the central nervous system (coma and impaired sensorium, 30%) more than visceral leishmaniasis (coma and impaired sensorium, 5%). The effect of visceral leishmaniasis on the lymphatic system (splenomegaly, 95% & hepatomegaly, 70%) was more than malaria (70% & 60% respectively). The visceral leishmaniasis markedly affected the bone marrow (anemia, 95%, thrombocytopenia, 65% & leucopenia, 70%) more than malaria (anemia, 28%, thrombocytopenia, 50% & leucopenia, 34%). Diarrhea and cough were common in visceral leishmaniasis (80% & 55% respectively) than in malaria (20% & 5%<br />respectively) but DIC was common in malignant malaria (20%).https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88833_cb3258812936ae8a3e3199f91befd625.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF MALARIA INFECTION IN CLINICALLY SUSPECTED CASES USING MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION, RAPID ANTIGEN TESTS & PCR1731828883410.21608/jesp.2020.88834ENRAAFAT A.HASSANEINDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-
Qura University, Saudi Arabia.+Department of Zoonoses, Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Egypt.AMR M.MOHAMEDDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-
Qura University, Saudi Arabia.+Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University,
Assiut, Egypt.MOHAMMAD O.ALKURBIDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-
Qura University, Saudi Arabia.AMAL M.ALMATARYParasitology Unit, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi
Arabia.+Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Accurate diagnosis of malaria is important for providing malaria burden and preventing misdiagnosis. To analyses the diagnostic performance of conventional blood film microscopic examination, OptiMAL Rapid Antigen Test, Hexagon Malaria Combi, Diaquick Malaria Pf/Pan Cassette in comparison with species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (nest-<br />PCR) in Makkah and Taif in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 100 blood samples collected from febrile cases in Makkah and Taif Cities were screened for malaria by microscopic examination, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) using nest-PCR as standard method. The results showed differences in detection rates of nested-PCR, conventional blood film microscopic examination, OptiMAL test, Hexagon Malaria Combi, Diaquick Malaria Pf/Pan Cassette (72%, 57%, 59%, 44% & 52% respectively) in 100 clinically suspected cases. Microscopic examination, OptiMAL test, Hexagon Malaria Combi and Diaquick Malaria Pf/Pan Cassette showed sensitivity (72.2%,72.2%, 62.9%, 65.3%), specificity (82.1%, 75%, 82.1%,& 82.1%), accuracy index (75%, 73%, 62%, 70%), positive predictive value (91.2%, 88.1%, 88.6%,& 90.4%) and negative predictive value (53.5%, 51.2%, 41.1%, 47.9) using nested-PCR as the reference technique. The detection rates of nested-PCR for Pasmodium infection was superior than conventional blood film microscopic examination, OptiMAL test, Hexagon Malaria Combi microscopy and Diaquick Malaria Pf/Pan Cassette. The nest-PCR method was more reliable than conventional microscopic examination for the diagnosis of malaria infections, and this is particularly true in cases of mixed infections and submicroscopic infections.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88834_90d131b8b7d14575805b003a94867506.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIOIDES OIL EXTRACT REDUCED CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM DEVELOPMENT IN VIVO1831908883510.21608/jesp.2020.88835ENGAMAL A.ABO SHEISHAADepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine (Cairo and Damietta),
Al-Azhar University, Egypt.TAREK K.ZAALOUKDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine (Cairo and Damietta),
Al-Azhar University, Egypt.MOSTAFA EL SHAHATMOSTAFADepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine (Cairo and Damietta),
Al-Azhar University, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Cryptosporidium is a widespread parasite transmitted through contaminated food and water; it could lead to severe gastrointestinal disease in immunocompromised hosts. To date, no specific therapy proved to be effective against Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum). The present work studied the efficacy of Chenopodium ambrosioides (CA) oil extract on C. parvum infected dexamethasone (DEX) immunosuppressed mice. Infected im unosuppressed mice (n=70) were divided into 14 groups of five mice each according to different concentrations of received treatments either CA oil extract at doses of 75, 100, 125, 150 & 175mg/kg/day alone or in combination with nanoparticles or nitazoxanide<br />at doses of 50 & 100mg/kg/day alone or in combination with nanoparticles. Five infected non-treated mice were included as an infected control group; five non- infected & non-treated mice were enrolled as a normal control one. Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacies of different treatment regimens were evaluated in the 16th mice groups microscopically by detection of C. parvum oocysts in fecal pellets and histopathological examination of their small intestines. The results showed that different concentrations of CA oil extract induced a significant reduction in the mean number of C. parvum oocysts. The rate of oocysts reduction was parallel to the increasing concentrations of the drug. The inhibitory effects of CA oil extract on the parasite were enforced by adding nanoparticles. Histopathological examination of mice intestine revealed that CA did not show toxic effect on intestinal mucosa even with high doses.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88835_a20c7b68edaf5ff164328245cf56f4e3.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401AMELIORATATIVE EFFICACY OF CURCUMIN IN HEALING THE HISTOPATHOLOGICAL LESIONS IN SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI INFECTED MICE1911968883610.21608/jesp.2020.88836ENHADEER A.RASHEDDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.NAHLA S.EL-SHENAWYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522,
EgyptMAHA F. M.SOLIMANDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522,
EgyptALI H.ABU ALMAATYDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Schistosoma species is a blood-parasite causing schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical pathological disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. This work studied the efficiency of curcumin in restoring liver and spleen ratios to body weight and enhancing the histological architecture in S. mansoni infected mice. Forty CD1 male mice were divided into<br />four groups (10mice/group). G1 (treated with phosphate buffer and act as control), G 2 (treated with curcumin), G3 (infected-untreated), and G4 (infected & treated with curcumin). After seven weeks of infection, each group was injected for three times/week intraperitoneal. The mice body weights were weekly recorded and they were sacrificed by the end of the 8th week. Liver and spleen were removed immediately and weighted to calculate their ratios to body weight. The histological sections of liver and spleen were prepared to study pathological changes between the different groups. Granuloma number and diameter change rate in liver were done. The result showed that schistosomiasis caused significant retardation in body weights in experimental mice. Curcumin mildly enhanced body weight in certain<br />weeks. Liver ratio to body weight was significantly reduced in infected mice treated with curcumin as compared with infected untreated ones. There was a marked improvement in liver and spleen histopathology in curcumin-treated mice.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88836_5c7056e68aa2df842e685c4e895094a8.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401DOWNREGULATION OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 AND ACUTE PHASE CYTOKINES MEDIATED DEXAMETHASONE IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT MECHANISM DURING CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM INFECTION1972028883710.21608/jesp.2020.88837ENTAREK K.ZAALOUKDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr
City, Cairo, Egypt.GAMAL A.ABO SHEISHAADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Nasr
City, Cairo, Egypt.IBRAHIM R.SHALASHTheodor Bilharz Research Institute2, Imbaba P.O.B. 30, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200512TLRs in enterocytes play an important role in protecting the mucosal surface by promoting the innate inflammatory immune response following infection. Cryptosporidium parvum generally causes a short-term diarrheal illness that resolves spontaneously in immunocompetent hosts. But, in immunocompromised hosts, (e.g. on steroid therapy), it may cause a life-threatening, chronic, cholera-like illness. The mechanisms by which steroids reduced the host resistance to<br />C. parvum infection are poorly understood. It was hypothesized that steroid may interfere with TLR activation and reduced proinflammatory cytokines production required for early infection containment. To test this hypothesis, sixty C57BL/6 mice were equally divided into three subgroups; G1 was daily given intraperitoneally dexamethasone (DEX) for 14 days before oocyst inoculation and throughout the study. G2 was non-immunosuppressed mice. G1 & G2 were inoculated intragastrically with C. parvum (106 oocysts). G3 was retained as naïve non-infected control. Length and severity of infections were determined by monitoring oocyst shedding in fecal pellets using acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen) stained smear prepared from fresh pellets, by counting the number of oocysts in 10 microscopic fields under x100 for each mice group. Expression of TLR4 was assessed by immunohistochemistry, serum of proinflammatory cytokines level was determined by ELISA. The results showed that DEX immunosuppressed mice developed chronic cryptosporidiosis that lasted until the study end. Non-immunosuppressed mice developed a patent infection and the majority of them overcame the infection by the 21st day. The mean oocyst count was significantly higher in the immunosuppressed mice than in non-immunosuppressed ones, with a longer patent period in immunosuppressed mice. Expression of TLR4 was significantly increased in mice gut post-infection. Expression of TLR was significantly decreased in DEX immunosuppressed infected mice, with a significant decr ease was in proinflammatory cytokines serum levels compared to non-immunosuppressed ones. https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88837_9ed10bcf240a903559c07025fdfc1b82.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401PILONIDAL SINUS: SURGICAL EXCISION OF PILONDIAL SINUS AND SUTURING SKIN EDGE TO PRE-SACRAT FASCIA (PARTIAL CLOSURE)2032088883810.21608/jesp.2020.88838ENEISSA ABDEL HAMEDIBRAHIMConsultant of General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, 11291, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus is by surgical excision of sinus and partial closure by suturing skin to pre-sacral fascia. This study was carried out on 20 patient with pilonidal sinus admitted to surgical department in Kobry-El-Kobba Military Medical Campus. This patient was treated by surgical exciting of pilonidal sinus and partial closure of the wound by suturing skin edge to presacral fascia. This study covers the introduction and incidence, pathology, clinical presentation<br />and different method in management of pilonidal sinus. This study proposes that excision of pilonidal sinus and partial closure of the wound by suturing skin edge to pre-sacral fascia, safe, with low recurrent rate- short hospital stay. No postoperative discomfort or food restriction and early ambulation and return to work. This study was done up on 20 young male troops “soldiers” patients with mean age 25 years admitted to surgical department, Kobry El-Kobba Military Medical<br />Campus, from January 2016 to December 2018, treated by suturing skin edge to pre sacral fascia, and study the effect of operation on patient convenience, infection, recurrence, bleeding postoperative, healing time, hospital stay and histopathological examination of specimens.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88838_eb6746cd6ac3dc3c4daa6010541d2a23.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF CATATROPIS AEGYPTIACUS N. SP. (TREMATODA: NOTOCOTYLIDAE) FROM NORWAY BROWN RAT, RATTUS NORVEGICUS (MURIDAE: MAMMALIA) FROM EGYPT2092148883910.21608/jesp.2020.88839ENMOSTAFA M.RAMADANDepartment of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education,
Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.NAHED E. ABDOU, RANIA G.TAHADepartment of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education,
Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.SAHAR H.HAROUNDepartment of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education,
Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Catatropis aegyptiacus n. sp. was isolated from the large intestine of 28 out of 91 rat Rattus norvegicus. The prevalence of infection in males is 40% and 30% in females. The infection rate was (54.54%, 36.84%,26.3% and 23.8%) in winter, fall, summer and spring respectively. The study of the new species by light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that Catatropis aegyptiacus n. sp. can be distinguished from all other species of the genus in having 10 11 protruded<br />ventral glands that extend from the intestinal bifurcation level to the ovarian level, the triangular pointed spines cover the first anterior third of the body, the position of the genital pore and larger egg size. Also, the outer rim of oral sucker has unciliated sensory papillae and the tegument of the anterior dorsal surface covered with irregular ridges studded randomly with unciliated and ciliated domed-like papillae. Tegument of the body posterior half has branching and anastomosing<br />transverse striations with small unciliated sensory papillae.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88839_639f5e89483355ff9ebad22aee7893c1.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058350120200401LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF NIGELLA SATIVA SEEDS OIL AND IT’S NANOPARTICLES AGAINST CULEX PIPIENS AND MUSCA DOMESTICA2152208884010.21608/jesp.2020.88840ENSHAIMAA M.FARAGDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.AHMED A.EL-SAYEDDepartment of Photochemistry, Industrial Chemical Division, National Research
Centre, Dokki, Egypt.DOAA R.ABDEL-HALEEMDepartment of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.Journal Article20200512Extensive and continuous use of synthetic chemical insecticides led to environmental hazards to non-target organisms, and development of insect’s resistance. The present study evaluated essential oil of Nigella sativa seeds as a friendly larvicidal measure for Culex pipiens and Musca domestica vectors of infectious diseases. The N. sativa components essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. Sixteen components were identified. The selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs)<br />with N. sativa essential oil were prepared to form N. sativa SeNPs and proved by UV-Spectrophotometer, FT-IR, and SEM. The droplet size of nanoemulsion was 65±11.4 nm. The bioassay showed that N. sativa essential oil and its nanoparticles were more effective against larvae of Cx. pipiens than those of M. domestica.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88840_80663e9a243ba1100e4cfcd924996937.pdf