The Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201IMPORTED MALARIA TO MAKKAH DISTRICT, SAUDI ARABIA: IS THERE ANY RISK OF LOCAL TRANSMISSION?4614657804010.21608/jesp.2016.78040ENMOHAMEDEL-MALKYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.+Mansoura University, Egypt.MOHAMMAD S.ALDOSARIDepartment of Pathology Division, Department of Laboratory and
Blood Bank, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Saudi Arabia.AHMEDELSENDIONYDepartment of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Al-
Noor Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia.+Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine,
Cairo University, Egypt.SAEED A.AL-HARTHIDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.DINAZAGHLOULDepartment of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia.+Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt.NIVEENSALAHDepartment of Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20200318In Makkah, Saudi Arabia, there is an impending risk of imported malaria. This risk comes from the fact that millions of people, in majority from tropical and subtropical countries where malaria is endemic, visit the country to perform Hajj and Umrah every year. Moreover, millions of expatriates from endemic countries come to Makkah for work. Likewise, many Saudi citizens travel to endemic areas overseas for business and pleasure. We performed a retrospective analysis of all reported malaria cases in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia for years 2014 and 2015. In addition, sorting of mosquito populations in Makkah region was undertaken. Based on national data regarding reported malaria cases, 235 malaria cases were recorded in years 2014 and 2015. Of the reported cases 232 were non-Saudi and only 3 cases were Saudi. Those recorded Saudi cases were just returning from a travel to an endemic area. Most of the cases (79.6%) were P. falciprum and the remaining was P. vivax. Infected male represent 62% and female represent 38%. Age of the majority of reported cases (71.5%) lie between 31 and 50 years. Most of reported cases were from Chad, Pakistan, Nigeria and Sudan. Sorting of mosquito populations revealed the absence of malaria vectors in Makkah District.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78040_a4f0184d10468bfcaa5598ceaa65262f.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS IN JAZAN PROVINCE, SAUDI ARABIA4674747804110.21608/jesp.2016.78041ENWAFAA M.ZAKIDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University,
Egypt.+Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical
Science, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.RASHA Y.HOFDIDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical
Science, Jazan University, Jazan,
Saudi Arabia.AISHA A.SHEBILEYDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical
Science, Jazan University, Jazan,
Saudi Arabia.ZAKI A.SAADIDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical
Science, Jazan University.+Al-Amal Hospital for Psychiatric Health, Jazan,
Saudi Arabia.ALI H.AGEELDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical
Science, Jazan University.+Al-Amal Hospital for Psychiatric Health, Jazan,
Saudi Arabia.Journal Article20200318Toxoplasma gondii has worldwide distribution in nearly one-third of the human population. It is a neurotropic protozoan parasite so a potential role of T. gondii infection for some neuropsychiatric disorders was postulated. Patients with psychiatric disorders had high toxoplasmosis seroprevalence. Limited information about toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in psychiatric patients was known in southern area of Saudi Arabia. The current cross sectional case control study aims at determination of the prevalence of T.gondii IgG & IgM in neuropsychiatric patients in Jazan Province. A total of 162 neuropsychiatric patients from Al-Amal hospital for psychiatric health and 162 subjects without europsychiatric manifestations from Jazan General Hospital, Jazan City, KSA. were enrolled in the study. Psychiatric diagnosis was based on the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10 classification). Serological analysis for latent toxoplasmosis (IgG) and active toxoplasmosis (IgM) was done using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Investigations for the association with socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics in psychiatric patients<br />were also done. The serofrequency of IgG antibodies among neuropsychiatric patients was significantly higher than that of the controls (35.8% vs 14.8%) P = 0.0022. OR 3.2 with 95% CI=(1.4952 to 6.8774). However; serofrequency of toxoplasma IgM antibody between neuropsychiatric patients and controls was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Bivariate and multivariate analysis for socio-demographics and possible associated risk factors showed that contact<br />to cats and/or dogs, eating under cooked meat, and contact to soil were significantly higher in neuropsychiatric patients than controls.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78041_2acc7cf00a28517cc48d77e52aa208b9.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC ASSAY OF BACTERIAL BIOFILM FORMED ON INDWELLING URETHRAL CATHETERS4754847804210.21608/jesp.2016.78042ENMAGDAAZMYDepartment of Electron Microscopy, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.NADANAWARDepartment of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University,
Egypt.MONAMOHIEDDENDepartment of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University,
Egypt.LILIANWARILLEFaculty of Medicine, Juba University, Sudan.Journal Article20200318Biofilm formation on indwelling urinary catheters is a leading cause of Urinary tract infection (UTI). Presence of biofilm is associated with increased bacterial resistance to antimicrobial therapy and resultant treatment failure. The study detected a reliable method for diagnosis of biofilm formation by comparing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tissue culture plate method (TCP). The work was conducted on 20 urinary catheters from patients ranging from 1.5 to 85 years with catheters that remained in situ for a period of 3 to 20 days. Samples of catheters for culture and SEM and samples of urine were taken at the same time. The correlation between renal conditions and biofilm formation was not significant (p=0.336). No significant correlation (p =0.836, 0.163 respectively) was found between predisposing conditions (DM, renal insufficiency, diarrhea and impaired immunity) and development of Catheter associated urinary tract infection ( CAUTI )and biofilm formation. Biofilm formation increased with duration of catheter in situ, but no significant correlation was found (p=0.095). This could be due to small number of specimens. 9/20(45%) urine samples, 12/20(60%) catheter samples were positive by culture and 14/20(70%) catheters showed biofilm on SEM. 4/12(33.33%) organisms isolated<br />from catheter culture produced biofilm by TCP method. 9 isolates were recovered from 9 positive urine cultures. The microorganisms isolated were non Candida albicans (3/9), E. coli (2/9), C. albicans (2/9) and Acenitobacter (2/9). 14 isolates were recovered from 12 culturepositive catheters. The organisms isolated were E. coli (3/14), non-Candida albicans (3/14), C. albicans (2/14), C tropicalis (2/14), Acenitobacter (2/14), Klebsiella (1/14) and Enterococcus<br />(1/14). Reduction in microbial diversity with antimicrobial use was noticed but the correlation was insignificant (p=0.317). The correlation between urine culture results as well as catheter culture results and biofilm formation by SEM were both significant (p = 0.008 & 0.000 respectively). The correlation between urine culture and TCP assay was insignificant (p =0.237). Using SEM as the gold standard method for the detection of biofilm, the sensitivity, specificity, total accuracy, PPV & NPV of urine culture and catheter culture were, 64.30%, 100%, 75%, 100%, 54% & 85.70%, 100%, 90%, 100%, 75% respectively.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78042_6e999cdcc5c63f956143a27845988e25.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION OF URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS IN TAMWAH AREA, GIZA, EGYPT: ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL4854967804310.21608/jesp.2016.78043ENSALWA M.A.DAHESHGeneral Administration of Endemic Diseases Control of Giza. Research Institute
of Medical Entomology, The General Organization for Institutes and Teaching
Hospitals, Ministry of Health, Dokki, Egypt.BAHAA ELDEENFARIDGeneral Administration of Endemic Diseases Control of Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20200318Preliminary studies were carried out on schistosomiasis in Giza Governorate for the last three years. These studies revealed that Tamwah village was one of areas afflicted by the highest number of Schistosoma haematobium infection cases. The study assessed the epidemiological situation of S. haematobium by parasitological and snail surveys. During April 2016, urine samples of 1285 children collected from three primary schools were centrifuged for microscopic<br />examination. Also a snail survey was done along the shore (700m length). The snail were classified and examined for cercariae by light exposure and crushing. The results revealed that S. haematobium was 4.04% (52 cases). Majority were males (76.9% out of positive cases), with highly significant. There was a strong correlation between age of children and infection (44.2%) among oldest children (11 years) lowest (3.8%) was among the youngest group (6 years). Enterobius vermicularis ova in females’ urine samples was 0.54% (7 cases). One was mixed infection with S. haematobium. The highest percentage among children infected with S. haematobium had pus cells 6- 30/HPF and RBCs less than 100/HPF in urine. There were crystals of uric acid, Ca oxalates and triple phosphate 5.8 %, 1.8% & 0.8% respectively. The snails<br />were Lanistes carinatus, Bellamya unicolor, Physa micropleura, Succinia cleopatra, Cleopatra bulimoides, Bulinus trancatus & Lymnaea natalensis. The commonest was B. trancatus followed by L. natalensis. Builinus spp were positive for schistosomiasis cercaria and Lymnaea spp were positive for virgulate xiphidiocercariae; parasites of bates, birds and amphibians.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_78043_aac857862c13cac42fe0232805022c4a.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201PROTOZOA CAUSING FOOD POISONING4975088824910.21608/jesp.2016.88249ENMAHFOUZ AHMADAL-AGROUDIMilitary Medical Academy.AYMAN T. A.MORSYMinistry of Interior HospitalsMOUSA A. M.ISMAILFaculty of Medicine, University of Cairo, Egypt.TOSSON A.MORSYFaculty of Medicine,
University of Ain Shams, EgyptJournal Article20200510Food poisoning also called foodborne illness, or illness caused by eating contaminated food is a term used to cover an unpleasant range of illnesses. Food poisoning symptoms vary with the source of contamination. Most types of food poisoning cause one or more of the following signs and symptoms: nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps and fever Signs and symptoms may start within hours after eating the contaminated food, or they may begin days or even weeks later. Sickness caused by food poisoning generally lasts from a few hours to several days.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88249_8afa7a87e887dc5f65350989da69f00b.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201DIVERSITY AND COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON BULINUS SNAILS COLLECTED FROM TWO LOCALITIES IN EGYPT5095188825010.21608/jesp.2016.88250ENABDEL HAKIMSAADDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.HANAA MOHAMEDABU EL EININDepartment
of Environmental Research,Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba P. O. Box
30, Giza, EgyptABDEL-HAKEMABDEL-GABERDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.SHEREEN MAHFOUZMANSOURDepartment
of Environmental Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba P. O. Box
30, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200510A comparative study of the shell structure, seasonal temperature and Calcium content of Bulinus snails from two areas (Damietta and Giza) in Egypt was done and compared with laboratory snails from Schistosome Biological Supply Center (SBSC). The shells of collected snails identified as Bulinus truncatus, showed a wide variation in shape. The results showed a significant differences were detected between the populations from SBSC and Damietta (p<0.05) for mean of measured shell width, aperture length, length of spire and number of whorls. The populations from Giza and Damietta governorates showed significant differences (P<0.05) in mean of measured length of diagonal, length of body whorl above aperture, length of spire and number of whorls. There were no statically significant differences between the populations<br />from SBSC and Giza. The seasonal temperature affected on susceptibility of snails to infection with Schistosoma haematobium. The mean prepatent period was short in summer and long in winter. The shells of S. haematobium – infected B. truncatus snails showed hypocalcification from all localities.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88250_87bf107d560b1db15579620ea31d1af0.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES PREPARED FROM LUCILIA CUPRINA MAGGOTS AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT5195268825110.21608/jesp.2016.88251ENMOSTAFA I.HASSANDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr CityFATMA A.TAHERDepartment of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr CityALY F.MOHAMEDApplied Researches Sector, Vacsera, Giza, EgyptMOHAMMAD R.KAMELDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr CityJournal Article20200510Chitosan were prepared from cuticle of Lucilia cuprina maggots with two steps; deproteinization and deacetylation. It was characterized with solubility and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Chitosan was ball-milled to obtain the chitosan nanoparticles which characterized with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Chitosan nanoparticles with degree of deacetylation (DDA) 80.5% were showed antibacterial activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis. The mode of action of chitosan nanoparticles on the tested bacteria was studied by TEM. Leakage of some cell contents, cell deformation and rupture of cell were observed, therefore, the chitosan nanoparticles were observed to be a powerful antibacterial agent.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88251_7fec85776141190ba58ab2a902a4117a.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201ZOONOTIC CUTANEOUS LESHMAIASIS THREE YEARS FEVER HOSPITAL RECORDS: WITH GENERAL DISCUSSION5275328825210.21608/jesp.2016.88252ENAMR M. EL-SAYEDABDEL-MOTAGALYConsultant of Tropical Medicine, Military Medical Academy, Egypt.TOSSON A.MORSYDepartment of
Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptJournal Article20200510Leishmaniasis is widely present in more than 88 countries worldwide, resulting in up to 80,000 deaths annually. Leishmaniasis occurs as visceral, cutaneous, or mucocutaneous variants. Mucosal involvement can occur secondarily to the cutaneous or visceral varieties.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88252_1c76c49e81228bd710bbe8f296a29395.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTION IN EGYPTIAN CHILDREN: COULD IT BE A RISK FACTOR FOR IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA?5335408825310.21608/jesp.2016.88253ENZEZE TH.ATWADepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt.MARWA MTHABETDepartment of Parasitology,
Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum Governorate, EgyptJournal Article20200510A case control study that associates IDA with different parasitic infections and socioeconomic factors. The study enrolled 194 children with IDA and 180 age matched control. Patients diagnosed as IDA by complete blood count (CBC), and iron indices. All cases were subjected to complete history, anthropometric measures, and CBC and stool analysis. Ancylostoma<br />duodenal, Ascaris lumbercoides and Giardia lamblia infections, lower family income, increased number of family members and eating meat in low frequency could be independent risk factors for IDA as detected by multivariate regression analysis. A. duodenale and G. lamblia were associated with lower ferritin levels in anemic patients. No significant associations as regards residence, body mass index, mother employment or education levels (p>0.05).https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88253_68f85481b28bccbe27f9eb81162a4561.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201MODIFIED CULTURE METHODOLOGY FOR SPECIFIC DETECTION OF BLASTOCYSTIS HOMINIS IN STOOL SAMPLES5415488825410.21608/jesp.2016.88254ENMARWA A.HASSANDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.ENAS M.RIZKDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.RITA M.WASSEFNational Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20200510Blastocystis hominis provides major challenges for laboratory diagnosis due to its polymorphic nature in wet mounts which can result in confusion with other protozoa, yeast or even fat globules. Studies revealed that simple smears were less sensitive than in vitro cultivation using different media for the detection of B. hominis in stool specimens. Cultures of B. hominis are usually enriched by different types of sera to enhance growth and multiplication of the parasite.The aim of this study is to assess the use of two sera types other than horse serum that is commonly used in culture media for the growth, multiplication and detection of B. hominis in examined stool samples and comparing the results with those obtained using horse serum. Fifty stool samples were collected from patients suffering from different colonic manifestations attending Cairo University Hospitals. The samples were freshly cultured in three different culture media using horse serum (in Jones’ medium), donkey serum (as a modification in Jones’ medium) and human plasma (in modified Pavlova’s medium) in adequate preparations. Cultures were then left for incubation and examined by direct microscopy to detect Blastocystis hominis. The results showed of 50 stool samples studied, 18 samples (36%) were positive results for B. hominis. The number of positive results obtained by horse serum, donkey serum and human plasma were 13,18and 11 respectively. Paired comparisons were made between each 2 cultures with each culture set as a reference once to detect the most appropriate one for diagnosis. When horse was set as the reference method, donkey serum showed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86.5% with a 90% agreement between the 2 methods. While human plasma showed a sensitivity of 46.2% and specificity of 86.5% with an agreement of 76%. In addition, the vacuolar form was the commonest pattern observed in this study throughout all the three cultures.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88254_5423961476f40f6d4cf209a6cabbc8fc.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201LIMIT OF MOLECULAR DETECTION OF STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS PARASITE PERFORMING TWO PCR PROTOCOLS5495568825510.21608/jesp.2016.88255ENMOHAMED S.BADRDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams
University, Egypt.HALA M.EL-ASKARYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef
University, Egypt.MARWAELMALAWANYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.REHAMKAMALDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.NASHWAALSAMRADepartment of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, EgyptJournal Article20200510Low parasite density in chronic infection with S. stercoralis is a challenging diagnostic issue. Generally, molecular techniques don’t depend on parasite viability while copro-culture or Baermann concentration method relies on the presence of living larvae in fecal samples. Therefore, evaluation of PCR-based methods is important to increase the detection rates in light or chronic infection. This study was designed to analyze the sensitivity of quantitative PCR (qPCR) and nested PCR (nPCR) regarding the minimum amount of S. stercoralis DNA template that can be reliably detected by each molecular technique. Strongyloides larvae were collected from cultured stool samples from suspected infected Egyptian children. After counting larvae present in a known volume under the microscope, DNA extraction was done and serial dilution of genomic materials was prepared. Then, qPCR and nPCR targeting the small subunit of the rRNA gene were performed. Regarding qPCR, the limit of detection was 0.0005 S. stercoralis larvae/μl, with crossing threshold (Ct) value ranged from 17.8 to 38.7 while, nPCR did not detect from (0.002 to 0.00012 S. stercoralis larvae/μl) with minimum limit 0.004 S. stercoralis larvae/μl. Real-time quantitative PCR is very sensitive technique that can detect very low genomic load up to about 10 (9.765) genome copies/reaction compared to nested PCR which started positivity from 78.125 genome copies/reaction. Therefore, qPCR is recommended to detect chronic strongyloidiasis especially in high-risk groups to prevent lifethreatening spread of such infection.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88255_2cad69048baa5cdc0ee30321d631599a.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201RESPONSE OF DOMINANT RODENTS TO COUMATETRALYL AND BROMADIOLONE IN GREATER CAIRO, EGYPT5575628825610.21608/jesp.2016.88256ENMICHEAL WILLIAMMIKHAILResearch Institute of Medical Entomology, Ministry of Health and Population,
Dokki 12311, Giza, EgyptAHMED HUSSIENHASANResearch Institute of Medical Entomology, Ministry of Health and Population,
Dokki 12311, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20200510Since the 1950s, anticoagulant rodenticides are used to control rodents in public health and agriculture sectors. The extensive use of these compounds has acted as selective force to rodents, leading to resistance. Resistance mechanisms have been identified in rats and mice, including the modification of the enzyme that activates vitamin K, vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). Susceptibility levels of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus and the roof rat, Rattus rattus to coumatetralyl (first generation anticoagulant) and broamdiolone (second generation anticoagulant) by bioassay detection<br />method under laboratory conditions were studied. Animals were trapped from Greater Cairo, Egypt in which the anticoagulant rodenticides were used to control rodents for long periods. Complete mortality was recorded for both species and sexes within the standard feeding periods (under no-choice feeding test for 6-days to coumatetralyl and<br />4-days to bromadiolone). Rat species under studied still susceptible to coumatetralyl and bromadiolone. The present work revealed a significant correlation between species in comparison with consumed dose and death time. R. rattus showed more active ingredient intake (mg/kg) than R. norvegicus. Death time (days), R. rattus recorded higher mean values than R. norvegicus, also females showed higher mean values compared to males.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88256_71bbc3fb6265098cf82cce902878738a.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES PREPARED FROM LUCILIA CUPRINA MAGGOTS (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)5635708825810.21608/jesp.2016.88258ENMOSTAFA I.HASSANDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, EgyptALY F.MOHAMEDApplied Researches Sector, VACSERA, Giza, EgyptFATMA A.TAHERDepartment of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, EgyptMOHAMMAD R.KAMELDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt.Journal Article20200510Chitosan nanoparticles were studied as antimicrobial agent. The antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles were investigated against three Gram-negative bacteria; Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi, and three Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pyogenes. The antifungal activity were examined against three fungi; Geotrichum candidum, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis. The antiviral activities were tested against three viruses; Rift Valley Fever (RVFV), Herpes simplex- 1 (HSV-1) and Coxsackie viruses. Chitosan nanoparticles were inhibited all bacteria and fungi except E. faecalis seemed to be resistant strain. Infectivity titers of all viruses were reduced by chitosan nanoparticles, which are a natural antimicrobial agent.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88258_29e9d6321767000880dfdbda5f0c5f76.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201ZIKA VIRUS STRATEGIC RESPONSE FRAMEWORK FOR THE GULF STATES-2016: AN URGENT NEED FOR COLLABORATION5715808826010.21608/jesp.2016.88260ENA. A.BINSAEEDDeputy Minister of Public Health, MoH, Riyadh, Director, Saudi ArabiaM.AL-HAJRIDepartment of
Emergency Preparedness and Response, MoPH, Doha, QatarE. M.NOURELDINNational Center for
Vector-borne Diseases, MoH, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaA.FARAGActing Head, Communicable Diseases
Control Programs, MoPH, Doha, QatarS. M.MALIKDepartment of Prevention and Control of
Communicable Diseases, WHO/EMRO, Cairo, EgyptM. S.AL-ZEDJALIDepartment
of Malaria Eradication, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of OmanR. F.ALHAKEEMDirector
of the Infectious Diseases Control, MoH, Riyadh,Saudi ArabiaH.AL-ROMAIHIDepartment of
Health Protection and Communicable Diseases Public Health, QatarM. H.ALZAHRANIMalaria program director, MoH, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaA. A.ALSHEIKHNational Center for
Vector-borne Diseases, MoH, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20200510The Zika virus (ZIKV) became the latest threat to global health security when WHO declared on 1st February 2016, that recently reported clusters of microcephaly and other neurological disorders in Brazil constitute a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). These clusters were reported concurrently with an outbreak of ZIKV, which has been ongoing in Brazil and other countries in the America region since 2015. A growing body of clinical and epidemiological data possibly leans towards a causal role for ZIKV as the occurrence of the clusters of microcephaly and other neurological disorders principally the Guillain-Barre´ syndrome are associated in time and place with the ongoing ZIKV transmission in the America region. So far, Zika viral transmission has been documented in a total of 69 countries and territories with autochthonous transmission from 2007 to 10 August 2016. The geographical range of ZIKV has been increasing steadily.<br />Considering the presence of competent vectors that transmit ZIKV in some parts of the Gulf countries, and the close relationship with Brazil, a local transmission of the virus is plausible once the virus is introduced through travel. This review suggests the integration of epidemiological and entomological surveillance for monitoring and control of the vectors<br />of ZIKV. The risks associated with ZIKV infection and the possible threat to the Gulf States was described. A strategic Zika response framework (SRF) for the Gulf States has been developed to meet their urgent need for a collaborative and coordinated response for prevention and spread of ZIKV infection. A coordinated response of all partners in the Gulf States across sectors and services at national, as well as, regional levels is required.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88260_a150023e05c2a8aeb514998ce6f7ec00.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201PARASITOLOGICAL STUDIES ON SOME INTESTINAL PARASITES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN ASWAN GOVERNORATE, EGYPT5815868826210.21608/jesp.2016.88262ENAHMED K.DYABDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, EgyptMOHAMMED M.EL-SALAHYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, EgyptHANAN M.ABDELMONEIEMDepartment of Pediatric, Faculty
of Medicine, Aswan University, EgyptMOHAMMED M.AMINDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty
of Medicine, Aswan University, EgyptMOHAMMED F.MOHAMMEDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty
of Medicine, Aswan University, EgyptJournal Article20200510This cross sectional study in Aswan Governorate determined the prevalence of intestinal parasites and to identify the risk factors for infection in primary school children in this geographical area. The results would facilitate evaluation of the endemic level of different intestinal parasites and the determination of whether widespread or focal measures of parasite control are required. After obtaining official permission from the school administration, information and consent forms were given to the parents of all the schoolchildren. They were three-hundreds children aged between 6-12 year were enrolled; a detailed questionnaire, complete clinical assessment complete as well as stool analysis was done The study showed that the over-all infection was 31%, single parasitic infection was 26% and mixed one was 5%.The commonest helminthic infection was E. vermicularis 6.6% followed by H. nana 3% Ascaris lumbricoides1%. The commonest protozoa infection was E. histolytica 8.3% followed by Giardia lamblia 3.7% and Cryptosporidium parvum 1.7%. Mixed infection was E. vermicularis plus E. histolytica (23.4%), E vermicularis plus G. lamblia (17.6%), E. vermicularis plus C. parvum (11.8%), E. histolytica plus H. nana (11.85%), A. lumbricoides plus E. histolytica (17.6%) and G. lamblia plus E. histolytica in (11.8%). Parasitic infection was more prevalent in boys (53.8%) than girls (46.2%) and more prevalent in rural children (39.73%) than urban ones (20.13%) among age ranged from 6 to 12 years (8.97±1.72).https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88262_73199e1b0889d4afe15dc3d28c58af5b.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201PORTAL HYPERTENSION TREATMENT WITH CANDESARTAN PLUS PROPRANOLOL FOR NINE MONTHS RESTORES NORMAL PORTAL CIRCULATION HEMODYNAMIC PATTERN5876048826310.21608/jesp.2016.88263ENMOHAMED D.ABD ALLADepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, EgyptEL-SAYED M. M.EIDDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, EgyptALI I. A.SOLIMANDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, EgyptMOSTAFA A.ELHAWARYDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, EgyptYASSER F.KILANYDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, EgyptGADAHABD-ALMONAEMDepartment
of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Zagazig University, EgyptSAMEH S.BAYOUMIDepartment
of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Zagazig University, Egypt.MOHAMED R. A.MOURSYDepartment of Clinical
Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, EgyptFARES A. M.AL-ZAEMDepartment of Medicine,
Hepatology ICU Division, Hhia Central HospitalJournal Article20200510Post HCV liver cirrhosis is one of the most prominent etiologies behind the abnormal portal circulation hemodynamics. It occurs as a result of distorted balance between portal venous flow (PVF) and intrahepatic resistances (IHR). PVF is partially controlled by using both specific and non-specific beta blockers (NSBBs) that have insignificant effects on IHR. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) inhibit the activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) contraction and thought to reduce the dynamic portion of IHR. The study aimed to slow down the venous blood flow and to reduce the IHR of portal vein vasculature to control sequelae of the enhanced post cirrhosis portal venous turbulence. We evaluated the effects of Candesartan plus propranolol compared to each of them individually in management of portal hypertension (PH). Three groups of 25 patients each, presented with chronic HCV infection and grade II- III esophageal varices (OV), were randomly assigned to one of three treatment regimens: Propranolol or Candesartan or both. Subjects were screened every three month by Doppler Ultrasound for a total of nine months. Damping Index (DI), pulse Pulsatility Index (PI), Portal Venous Flow (PVF) Volume, Portal Venous Peak Velocity (PVPV), and Portal Vein Diameter (PVD) were evaluated once every third month. Our study concluded that combined therapy (Propranolol + Candesartan) induced highly significant improvements that led to restoration of normal values of DI, PI, PVF volume & PVPV overtime compared to monotherapy regimens (P>0.001). Data strongly recommended using Propranolol plus Candesartan in overtime management of portal hypertension.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88263_e2db59d07a0d4e48f5ef83d72c765d9a.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201THE PARASITIC PROFILE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN El-WADI EL-GADDED GOVERNORATE, EGYPT6056128826510.21608/jesp.2016.88265ENAHMED M. S.BAYOUMYDepartments of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University, EgyptWAFAA L. F.IBRAHIMDepartment of Zoology, Faculty Science, Al Azhar University, EgyptBASMA MABOU EL NOURDepartment of Zoology, Faculty Science, Al Azhar University, EgyptAMIRA AHMAD A.SAIDInspector Environment, The Ministry of Local
Development, El-Wady El-Gadded, EgyptJournal Article20200510Parasitic infection is still a serious public health problem in the world, especially in developing countries including Egypt. It represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood and among high-risk groups in most parts of the world. This study detected the prevalence of parasitic infection among school children in El-Wadi El-Gadded (the New Valley Governorate). A total of randomly chosen 1615 students aged from 6-16 years, (771 males & 844 female) from 12 primary schools and 12 preparatory schools related to four centers (El Dakhala, El Farfra, Paris and Plat) from the New Valley Governorate. Each child was subject to: A questionnaire sheet, Urine examination through sedimentation methods, Stool examination using: Direct smear, Simple sedimentation method and Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Stain, Blood samples were collected randomly from 450 children and examined for Seropositivity of toxoplasmosis using (On-SiteToxoIgG/IgM Rapid Test- Cassette) and examination of hair & clothes for ectoparasites (lice). The overall prevalence of parasites was (39.1%) among primary and preparatory school children. The helminthes were E. vermicularis (15.2% & 17.1%); A. lumbricoides (1.3% & 1.9%) and then H. nana (0.9% & 0.6%) and the protozoa were E. histolytica (14.1% & 13.2%), Giardia lamblia (3.8% & 3.9%), and then Cryptosporidium parvum (0.09%) and seropositivity of toxoplasmosis was in (3.0% & 2.7%) among primary and preparatory school children respectively. Mixed infection was in (0.4%) among primary school children. Head lice infestation was more prevalent among primary school children than preparatory school ones with a ratio (3.5% &0.2%) respectively, was nil among males.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88265_f0734cfa0a4008c7851da7f90d706d34.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201AN OVERVIEW OF OSTEOMYELITIS WITH REFERENCE TO TREATMENT IN PARTICULAR MAGGOT DEBRIDEMENT THERAPY (MDT)6136248826610.21608/jesp.2016.88266ENAHMED HASSAN FAWZIEL-TAWDYMilitary Medical Academy, Cairo 11291, EgyptEISSA ABDEL HAMEDIBRAHIMMilitary Medical Academy, Cairo 11291, EgyptTOSSON A.MORSYDepartment of Parasitology,
Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptJournal Article20200510Osteomyelitis occurs either as a result of hematogenous seeding, contiguous spread of infection to bone from adjacent soft tissues and joints, or direct inoculation of infection into the bone as a result of trauma or surgery. Hematogenous osteomyelitis is usually monomicrobial, while osteomyelitis due to contiguous spread or direct inoculation is usually polymicrobial. Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and aerobic gram-negative bacilli are the most common organisms; other pathogens including streptococci, enterococci, anaerobes, fungi and mycobacteria have also been implicated. Acute osteomyelitis typically presents with gradual onset of pain over several days. Local findings (tenderness, warmth, erythema and swelling) and systemic symptoms (fever, rigors) may also be present. Chronic osteomyelitis tends to occur in the setting of previous osteomyelitis and presents with recurrent pain, erythema<br />or swelling, sometimes in association with a draining sinus tract. Treatment of osteomyelitis often requires both surgical debridement of necrotic material and antimicrobial therapy for eradication of infection. The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy is not certain; but continuing parenteral antimicrobial therapy at least six weeks from the last debridement.<br />Maggot therapy is an effective and environmentally friendly treatment of complicated necrotic wounds that are resistant to conventional treatment and should also be considered in earlier stages of treatment. The history of maggot therapy, and the mechanisms by which it works, is discussed.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88266_c0fda16c44b87dfd3ad935f5deb951ab.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201COMPARISON OF IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST AND MICROSCOPY IN THE DETECTION OF SOME ENTERIC PROTOZOA IN STOOL SAMPLES6256328826810.21608/jesp.2016.88268ENMOHAMED MOHAMEDATIADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.MAGDA ABDEL-FATAHELSETTAWYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.GHADA MAHMOUDFATHYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.MARWA AHMEDSALAMADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.SHAIMAA ELSAYED MOHAMED METWALLYASHOUSHDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.Journal Article20200510Infection with pathogenic intestinal protozoa as Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium parvum cause considerable gastrointestinal morbidity, malnutrition and mortality worldwide, especially among young children in developing countries. The present study was carried out on 71 cases (44 males & 27 females) chosen from Pediatric and Internal Medicine Inpatient and Outpatient Clinics of Zagazig University Hospitals, complaining of different gastrointestinal<br />troubles with an age range of 6-60 years. Also, 20 apparently healthy individuals (11 males & 9 females) cross matched were considered as a control negative group. All stool samples were examined by direct wet smears, concentration techniques, staining of the smears using trichrome stain and Modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Copro-antigen detection in faecal sample was by using quick immunochromatographic test. A total of 71 cases suffering from different GIT manifestations showed G. lamblia (30.7%), Cryptosporidium parvum (19.8%), Entamoebahistolytica/ E. dispar (11%) and mixed infection of three protozoa (6.6%). However, by copro-antigen G. lamblia was positive in (31.8%) of C. parvum in (20.9%); E. histolytica/E. dispar in (11%) of cases. Immunochromatography/copro-antigen test recorded sensitivity and specificity of (100%) and (96.6%) respectively in G. lamblia detection. For C. parvum, sensitivity was (100%) and specificity was (97.1%) while for E. histolytica/E. dispar, sensitivity and specificity were (100%) for both. Immunochromatographic assay proved to be simple, easy and useful in confirming absence or the presence of intestinal protozoan infection in clinically suspected cases with negative stool examination.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88268_3f8c9d7e8b55bcc4f61a4298deb1955b.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201IMMUNOGENICITY ASSESSMENT FOR LUNG-STAGE AND BIOMPHALARIA ALEXANDRINA COCKTAIL VACCINE IN SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI INFECTED MICE6336458826910.21608/jesp.2016.88269ENENAS F.ABDEL HAMEDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.GHADA M.FATHYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.MARWA A.SALAMADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.SHAHERA M.ATTIADepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.HAYAM E.RASHEDDepartment
of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.Journal Article20200510The availability of a new vaccine is usually needed as an additional component to chemotherapy for control of schistosomiasis. Different strategies of different types of vaccines were assessed to decrease morbidity but did not give the best protection. The study assessed the efficacy of BAAP, SLAP and their combined preparations together with BCG adjuvant as an effective anti-schistosomal vaccine. Methodology: Six groups of Swiss albino mice were used; (G1) as a<br />control, (G2) infected non immunized; (G3) infected and supported by Adj.; (G4) infected; vaccinated with BAAP and supported by Adj.; (G5) infected, vaccinated with SLAP and supported by Adj. and the target group (G6) infected, vaccinated with combined antigens (BAAP + SLAP) and supported by Adjuvant. Mice were sacrificed 8 weeks post infection for assessment the effect of our vaccine through parasitological, histopathological, serological and immunohistochemical<br />study. The vaccination of mice with BAAP, SLAP and Adjuvant followed by challenge S. mansoni infection resulted in highest reduction percentages (92% & 86%) for mean numbers of adult burdens and fecal egg counts respectively,(82.4%, 81%) for granuloma number and diameter respectively compared with other groups. The improvement % of all measured enzymes was higher in G6 than other groups.IL10 was significantly increased in G6 than other groups; also,<br />TNF was significantly decreased in G6 than other groups.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88269_7fc0387fa9ce03280a18e863608e54c8.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201COMPARISON BETWEEN KATO-KATZ THICK SMEAR AND SEDIMENTATION TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSIS OF FAECAL-ORALLY TRANSMITTED HELMINTHES AND OTHER GEOHELMINTHES6476548827010.21608/jesp.2016.88270ENALAAELDIN M.ELGENDYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, EgyptFATEN A.MOHAMMEDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, EgyptASHRAF S.METWALLYDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, EgyptRANIA S.HAMZADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, EgyptSAMARKAMELDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, EgyptJournal Article20200510Kato-Katz technique is widely used for the diagnosis of Fecal-orally transmitted helminthic infections. It is relatively simple and inexpensive. However, a single slide prepared from a single stool specimen has low sensitivity, particularly in light infections. Therefore, there is a great need for concentration techniques. This study detected an accurate and affordable method for diagnosis of fecal-orally transmitted helminthes and other geohelminthes. The study was carried out on 217 stool samples of different sex and age groups. Stool samples were collected from different urban and rural areas in Sharkia Governorate. Stool samples were examined macroscopically and analyzed by different parasitological techniques: direct wet mount (DWM), Kato-Katz thick smear, spontaneous sedimentation in tube technique (SSTT) and formol ether sedimentation technique (FEC). The results showed that formol ether sedimentation method detected 59 positive samples<br />followed by spontaneous sedimentation in tube technique (48/59 positive samples). FEC showed significant difference when compared to direct wet mount and Kato-Katz thick smear. SSTT also showed significant difference when compared to DWM (P <0.05).The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthes was (29.6%) among studied samples in Sharkia<br />Governorate. The commonest helminthic infection was H. nana (12%) followed by E. vemicularis(10%) then A. lumbricoides (3.7%).https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88270_0e64e3642a44f38917e7e76e86f153c6.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201SPONDYLODISCITIS DESEASE EVALUATION IN PATIENTS WITH SERONEGATIVESPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES6556628831610.21608/jesp.2016.88316ENASHRAF EL-SAYEDAMERDepartment of Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.HOSSAM IBRAHIMABD EL-HAMIDDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo,
EgyptJournal Article20200510Spondylodiscitis (SD) is a destructive discovertebral lesion which is uncommon, but well recognised as a complication of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), and also called the Andersso lesion. This prospective study described 24 cases of AS, 12 of them with SD with variable clinical presentation and radiological appearance (SD). Two had multiple lesions, in one patient<br />spondylodiscitis was the presenting symptom of AS. None had a history of even a minor trauma and radiological appearance of Andersson lesion in AS. In a prospective analysis of 24 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with multiple nationalities, 12 individuals (50%) had spondylodiscitis, affecting the spine at various levels, we<br />described the demographic data, full medical history, clinical examination and radiological findings including thoracolumbar spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in all patients diagnosed as SD with AS admitted to our department. All patients were fulfilling the modified New York criteria and ASAS criteria for AS. The results showed that the mean age of patients was 43 ± 10.8 yrs, 16 (66.667%) were males. Half of the 12 patients had multiple lesions (between two and six levels). Mean disease duration were 11±8.7. The most common site of lesion was the thoracic spine The prognosis was good with conservative treatment including NSAID's, rest, and physiotherapy. The literature was reviewed regarding the mechanisms that may contribute to these lesions: mainly inflammatory like increasing enthesopathy or mainly mechanical like pseudoarthrosis about a fracture site. It might be that both mechanisms could result in similar destructive<br />intervertebral disc lesions.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88316_0f009cb59340f0aa7696b7792cb4614d.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201THE ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI AND ITS INTERMEDIATE SNAIL HOST6636708832010.21608/jesp.2016.88320ENSHAIMAA M.ABDEL AALDepartments of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine، Cairo University، Egypt.JOMANA A.AHMEDDepartments of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine، Cairo University، Egypt.MOUSA A. M.ISMAILDepartments of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine، Cairo University، Egypt.SAHAR Z.ABDEL MAOGOODDepartments of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, EgyptJournal Article20200510Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in many developing countries including Egypt, Determination of the antigenic relationship between S. mansoni and its intermediate snail host (IMH) Biomphalaria alexandrina can open a new field for diagnosis and control of the disease. In the present study infected and non-infected B. alexandrina foot and visceral hump tissue as well as S. mansion crude Ag (SWAg) were fractionated using SDS-PAGE. It's specific and cross reacted protein fractions were determine using EITB versus experimentally prepared mice hyper immune sera (HIS) versus each antigen.<br />After treatment of fractionated S.mansoni crude worm antigens (SWAg) versus HIS produced after vaccination of mice by the same Ag, 8 kda protein fractions ranged from 35-140 kda were reacted specifically. Treatment of fractionated B.alexandrina infected and non-infected foot and visceral hump Ag versus previous HIS revealed presence of common polypeptides bands between SWAg and non-infected snail antigens. The fraction at 135 kda, 68 kda, were detected in all cases, while that at 40-42 kda and that at 35 kda was diagnosed in SWAg and that of infected snails only. The fraction at 68 kda was reacted specifically between SWAg and all tested fractionated snail antigens either that of foot or visceral hump when they treated separately by HIS of mice vaccinated by each snail Ag separately. The fraction at 135 kda was<br />common between SWAg and snail (infected and non-infected) visceral hump antigen. The fraction at the level of 110 kda was diagnosed in SWAg, in non-infected foot antigen and visceral hump Ag. The fraction at the level of 46-48 kda are common between SWAg and snail foot and visceral hump Ag after treated by HIS of mice vaccinated by foot Ag,<br />Presence of common antigenic fractions between snail tissues and Schistosoma species can prefer an easily source of antigen valuable for diagnosis or vaccination as well as can be considered as new tool for determination to the snail IMH of new discovered trematode parasites.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88320_1c25382329b73aca11f09f126d7f8da0.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HEMOCYTES OF SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT BIOMPHALARIA ALEXANDRINA SNAIL6716828832410.21608/jesp.2016.88324ENBEESSA E.ABAZADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,
Sharkia Governorate, EgyptRANIA S.HAMZADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,
Sharkia Governorate, EgyptTAHANI I.FARAGDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,
Sharkia Governorate, EgyptMAGDA A.ABDEL-HAMIDDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,
Sharkia Governorate, EgyptRAGHDA A.MOUSTAFADepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,
Sharkia Governorate, EgyptJournal Article20200510The internal defense system consists of soluble components of hemolymph and circulating cells known as hemocytes. The circulating hemocytes play a central role in innate immunity. This work aimed to study the hemocytes of both susceptible and resistant B. alexandrina snails exposed to S. mansoni infection using light and electron microscopes. Two tested groups were included in the study; 60 susceptible and 60 resistant B. alexandrina snails. Both tested groups were studied as regad the hemocyte count (before and after infection) and the morphological characteristics of both circulating and tissue hemocytes by light and electron microscopes. Before infection, there was no significant difference between the two groups as regard the hemocyte count, however after infection, there is a significant decrease in the circulating hemocytes<br />of the resistant group. Light microscopy revealed five morphological types of circulating cells of both susceptible and resistant snails. Regarding scannig electron microscopy, hemocytes of susceptible snails appeared rounded with smooth or slightly rough surface. However, that of the resistant snails appeared irregular in shaped with corrugated surface. Furthermore, Light microscopy and the transmission electron microscopy revealed signs of cell activation in the hemocytes of the resistant group. The circulating hemocytes consist of five cell types in both susceptible and resistant B. alexandarina and morphologies of these cells are quite similar, but with more signs of cell activations in the resistant group. More specific studies on the functional activities of the hemocytes and mechanisms that may affect or influence the susceptibility and/or non-susceptibility of molluscs to invade microorganisms is essential and how they can act in the immune response.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88324_54a1a71f7b6d8ec78ac39289eae85551.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201ASSESSING THE EFFICACY OF NITAZOXANIDE IN TREATMENT OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS USING PCR EXAMINATION6836928832510.21608/jesp.2016.88325ENMOHMMAD M.ATIADepartments of Medical Parasitology، Faculty of Medicine,
Zagazig University, Sharkia EgyptMOHIEDDIN M.ABDUL FATTAHDepartments of Medical Parasitology، Faculty of Medicine,
Zagazig University, Sharkia EgyptHANAN AMINABDEL RAHMANDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine,
Zagazig University, Sharkia Egypt.FATEN A.MOHAMMEDDepartments of Medical Parasitology، Faculty of Medicine,
Zagazig University, Sharkia EgyptASMAA M.AL GHANDOURDepartments of Medical Parasitology، Faculty of Medicine,
Zagazig University, Sharkia EgyptJournal Article20200510Cryptosporidiosis is a gastrointestinal disease of humans and other animals, caused by the genus Cryptosporidium spp. It causes persistent diarrhea and malnutrition and is associated with increased mortality. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of nitazoxanide (NTZ) on clearing the oocysts of C. parvum among infected children using both parasitological and PCR techniques. 120 children (1-12y) shedding Cryptosporidium oocysts in their stools were enrolled in the study. They were classified on the basis of the immune status into immunocompetent (ICT) and immunocompromised (ICZ) groups. Each group were subdivided into two groups one of them received NTZ, and the other received placebo. The efficacy of nitazoxanide was assessed clinically, parasitologically and by nested-PCR technique. At the end of 1st week of treatment,<br />80% of ICT/ NTZ group and 40% of ICT/ placebo group were free by PCR and 83.3% & 20% respectively were microscopically free. While at the end of 4th week, 93.3% of ICT/ NTZ group and 43.3% of ICT/ placebo group were free by PCR and 96.7% & 26.7% respectively were microscopically free. Among the ICZ group, diarrhea was resolved in most patients receiving NTZ within 21 to 28 days of treatment initiation While, it resolved in the ICT group receiving<br />NTZ in most patients within 3 to 5 days of treatment initiationhttps://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88325_b0a22d2cbe1f38d26bfad16ffdb8c999.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN VITRO RNAI TO INVESTIGATE GENE FUNCTION IN BRUGIA MALAYI7177288833010.21608/jesp.2016.88330ENADEL MOHAMMEDFARGHALYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.HANY ABD EL-HAIAFIFYDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.AFAF ABD EL-RAOUFTAHADepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.EMANMOSTAFADepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.+Department of Infectious Diseases2, University of Georgia, 501 D.W.
Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, USAJournal Article20200510The RNA interference (RNAi) has the ability to turn off individual gene expression. So, it affords a remarkably specific tool for studying the effects of genes. It is regarded as a direct approach for determining such gene/genes functions and offers a valuable tool for modern drug discovery. The study aimed to develop in vitro RNAi in Brugia malayi with particular interest to study the function of Brugia malayi avr-14 (Bm-avr-14) and Brugia malayi β-tubulin (Bm-β-tubulin) genes. Bm-avr-14 is a gene encoding glutamate gated chloride channel (GluCl) which binds ivermectin and Bm-β-tubulin is a gene encoding β-tubulin which binds albendazole. Adult female worms were soaked in heterogeneous<br />sh rt interfering RNA (hsiRNA) with interest to study the role of two genes Bm-avr-14 and Bm-β- tubulin. Then, we assessed the knock down effects of target genes using worminator system and real time PCR. We found that worms treated with hsiRNA of Bm-avr-14 had a significant reduction in microfilariae (mf) production in comparison with untreated worms or worms treated with hsiRNA of green fluorescent protein (GFP). No significant reduction in mf production with Bm-β-tubulin gene was obtained. There were no changes in the movement of adults treated with either Bm-avr-14 or Bm-β-tubulin hsiRNAs. Inconsistent RNAi mediated suppression was achieved with Bm-avr-14 and Bm-β-<br />tubulin using real time PCR. The data may be helpful in assessment of drug target potential of genes.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88330_38325dbeee27a0ae559a094b28bcb782.pdfThe Egyptian Society of ParasitologyJournal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology1110-058346320161201SERO-PREVALENCE OF ANTI- TOXOPLASMA GONDII ANTIBODIES AMONG PATIENTS WITH NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: EPILEPSY AND DEPRESSION7297368833210.21608/jesp.2016.88332ENNAGLAA FATHYABD EL-AALDepartments of Medical Parasitology، Faculty of Medicine,
Zagazig University, Egypt.MAHASABERDepartments of Medical Parasitology، Faculty of Medicine,
Zagazig University, Egypt.NAGYFAWZYDepartments of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine,
Zagazig University, EgyptWALID R.ASHOURDepartments of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine,
Zagazig University, EgyptJournal Article20200510Toxoplasma gondii infection is concerned to have an association with epilepsy and depression either as a cause or a potential risk factor for their occurrence. Nevertheless, there has been long-standing interest in investigating this possible association, the evidence for such relationship is yet not conclusive. The current study correlated between T. gondii infection and Neuropsychiatric disorders: epilepsy and depression, through serological valuation of anti- Toxoplasma immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies. In the current study, 112 patients suffered from epilepsy (72 cryptogenic and 40 non-cryptogenic), 118 had depression and 60 healthy volunteers that had no history of any neuropsychiatric disorders in their first degree relatives were enrolled. Full history taking, complete physical examination, cranial magnetic resonance<br />imaging (MRI), scalp electroencephalography (EEG), a structured questionnaire and T. gondii specific IgG antibody ELISA were performed to all groups. The results showed that the anti- Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were detected among cases with cryptogenic epilepsy 34.7% (25 out of 72 cases), non-cryptogenic epilepsy 2.5% (1 out of 40) and depression 20.3% (24 out of 118) groups compared to healthy control group (11.7%). There were significant associations between T. gondii seropositivity of epilepsy and depression groups in age, residence, contact with pets and social class compared to control healthy group (p˂0.05). Youth and adults had the highest sero-T. gondii infection especially male in rural areas with low social class.https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88332_407080d073c0495415c7dd240c496538.pdf