@article { author = {BINSAEED, A. and SAHLl, A. and YNOURELDIN, E. and Mohammad, W. and DAFALLA, O. and DAHLAN, N. and KASULE, O. and ALSHEIKH, A.}, title = {A TRAINING PROGRAM ON DENGUE FEVER AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS, JAZAN, SAUDI ARABIA}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {235-244}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88375}, abstract = {Dengue fever (DF) is commonest rapidly spreading Aedes-bome viral fever worldwide. In the last decade several confirmed dengue cases were reported in Jazan Province. The study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices of dengue fever among the secondary schools students in Jazan. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of six secondary schools in Jazan. Multistage stratified random sample method was used and seven hundredforty two (742) were taken as respondents in study. The data on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents about their knowledge, attitude and practice towards DF were collected by using a pre-structured and self-administered questionnaire. The results showed a poor DF knowledge among the students, regarding attitudes towards DF, prevention and control, the majority of the participants' had good attitudes and believed that DF could be controlled and prevented (93.2%), DF control was the responsibility of government and community (83.1%) and they themselves have an important role to play in DF prevention (78.5%).The most common practice to prevent mosquito breeding were found to be the disposing of water from breeding containers (85.5%) and covering of water containers (68.6%). A significant association between the practice of DF preventive and control measures and sex of the participants' was (P<0.005).The top two common sources of DF knowledge was identified as primary health care centers and television (48.1 % & 44.5%, respectively)}, keywords = {Saudi Arabia,Dengue fever,Knowledge,Attitudes and Practices,Schools,Jazan}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88375.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88375_9f761599a1a0b192b31f9d4f43f5dec6.pdf} } @article { author = {SHARAF, OSAMA and KHALIL, ASHRAF}, title = {THE EFFECTS OF MIRAZID FRACTIONS ON THE VIABILITY OF SCHISTOSOMULA OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI: AN IN VITRO STUDY}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {245-252}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88547}, abstract = {Schistosma infection is an endemic disease in many developing countries including Egypt. Despite the effort to control and treat the infection with praziquantel, the development of resistance is a major health problem. Myrrh extract (Mirazid®) has been used as an alternative with conflicting results. In this study the effects of Mirazid® fractions on schistosomules of S. mansoni have been tested. Using column chromatography we have fractionated the molecule to 10 fractions. Two of these fractions were more potent and cause damage to the schistosomules detected by toluidine blue dyes and confirmed by electron microscopic examination. In conclusion, identification and purification of the active molecules in these fractions may potentiate the antischistosomal effects of Mirazid.}, keywords = {Mirazid,Fractions,Schistosoma mansoni,Schistosomula SEM}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88547.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88547_dbdb902f2f62b5d4104a6e873712c539.pdf} } @article { author = {MADBOULY, NEVEEN and FARID, ALYA and EL-BADRY, AYMAN and EL-AMIR, AZZA}, title = {IMMUNE-MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF GIARDIA INTESTINALIS IN DIARRHOEAL CHILDREN: COMPARISON OF THREE DIAGNOSTIC METHODS}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {253-260}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88648}, abstract = {Giardiasis is a major health problem in both developed and developing world. A variety of methods for diagnosis of Giardia duodenalis cysts or trophozoites is available but still has certain limitations. 100 sample from diarrhoeal children who attending outpatient clinic in Abu El Rish hospital, Kasr Al Ainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. Giardiasis was diagnosed by direct wet mount, microscopy after formal- ethyl acetate concentration, Ridascreen ELISA assay and n-PCR targeting beta giardin (bg) gene. Using ELISA as reference standard, the methods' sensitivities, specificities, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values and positive (LR+) and negative (LR-) likelihood ratios with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were analyzed.The diagnostic methods were evaluated to determine their impact on the posttest probability using Fagan’s nomogram. All the studied methods led to a LR+ higher than 10 indicating ability to ruling in giardiasis. n-PCR recorded LR- equal 0.00 and the probability of giardiasis would be 0% if the test was negative. The methods were also ranked on basis of Multiattribute utility theory and Analytical hierarchy process with ELISA ranked better than n-PCR.}, keywords = {Giardia,Copro-DNA,bg gene,Ridascreen ELISA,Fagan's nomogram}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88648.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88648_a50eabcfc3cf5b8b814b747d639e78ee.pdf} } @article { author = {MOKHTAR, AMIRA and EL-GAYAR, EMAN and HABIB, EMAN}, title = {IN VITRO ANTI-PROTOZOAL ACTIVITY OF PROPOLIS EXTRACT AND CYSTEINE PROTEASES INHIBITOR (PHENYL VINYL SULFONE) ON BLASTOCYSTIS SPECIES}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {261-272}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88660}, abstract = {Blastocystis is one of the commonest enteric protozoan parasites worldwide. Despite its controversial clinical significance, frequent association with symptoms has necessitated treatment of cases with persistent symptoms. For long time, metronidzole (MTZ) was considered as a basic drug for blastocystosis treatment, however reports of treatment failure as well as its well-known side effects has promoted the search for more safe and effective alternatives. In vitro antiprotozoal activity of ethanolic extract of Egyptian propolis and a cysteine protease inhibitor, phenyl vinyl sulfone (PVS) on Blastocystis spp. was assessed through challenging with graded concentrations of propolis extract (125, 250, 500 & 1000μg/ml) and PVS (100, 200 and 300 μg/ml) compared to MTZ (10, 50 and 100 μg/ml) and viable parasites were counted after 24, 48 and 72 hr. of incubation. Molecular subtyping of Blastocystis spp. was done using subtype specific sequence-tagged site (STS) primers. Propolis extract inhibited the growth of Blastocystis spp. in both of the detected subtypes (ST1 and ST3), which was especially observed in cultures exposed to 500 & 1000 μg/ml through all incubationperiods with the later concentration producing comparable results to MTZ. While PVS showed significant parasite count reduction on ST3 isolates, especially with the highest concentration, however the effect on ST1 isolate was nonsignificant. These findings highlight the potential antiprotozoal activity of propolis extract as a potent natural alternative for MTZ in treatment of blastocystosis.}, keywords = {Blastocystis spp,in Vitro,Propolis,phenyl vinyl sulfone}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88660.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88660_c6423624c6f9e721894ff070cfde099f.pdf} } @article { author = {SALEH, MOSTAFA and MORSY, AYMAN and ISMAIL, MOUSA and MORSY, TOSSON}, title = {TICK-BORNE INFECTIOUS DISEASES WITH REFERENCE TO EGYPT}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {273-298}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88676}, abstract = {Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites of man, domestic and street animals, and birds of health and economic hazard worldwide. They transmit many micro-organisms and protozoan infectious diseases and their toxins cause different signs and symptoms that may be fatal according to the infesting tick saliva protein. In Egypt where there are many rural and urban areas, so many genera and species of ticks are encountered. The Egyptian veterinary and agricultural authorities deal with ticks from economic point of view. But from medical point of view, ticks have specific role in transmission of zoonotic infectious diseases as well as their saliva causes tick paralysis. When dealing with children from tick infested areas, tick paralysis should be considered in differential diagnosis of the clinically confused diseases as poliomyelitis, myasthenia gravis; Guillain-Barre; paralytic rabies botulism; transverse myelitis and /or the diphtheritic polyneuropathy. Tick-borne relapsing fever is a zoonosis and is endemic in many countries. The two main Borrelia spp. involved inNorth America are B. hermsii (in the mountainous West) and B. turicatae (in the southwest). Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), babesiosis and infantile tick paralysis were identified as emerging diseases disaster. Also, Lyme disease is the commonest worldwide and encountered in Egypt since a long time. And now what about other tick-borne diseases, taking into consideration the tick populations is endemic not only in Egypt but worldwide vectors.}, keywords = {Egypt,Tick-Borne Diseases,General review and discussion,Conclusion}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88676.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88676_205d4eac51a1dbbdf7077be40fa9988b.pdf} } @article { author = {BAYOUMI, A. and AL-REFAI, S. and BADR, M. and ABD EL-AAL, A. and EL AKKAD, D. and SAAD, NAGLAA and ELESAILY, K. and ABDEL AZIZ, I.}, title = {LOOP-MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION (LAMP): SENSITIVE AND RAPID DETECTION OF SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM DNA IN URINE SAMPLES OF EGYPTIAN SUSPECTED CASES.}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {299-308}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88677}, abstract = {Schistosomiasis haematobium is a major endemic parasitic disease in many tropical regions including Egypt. Typical infection results in haematuria, dysuria, anaemia, genital as well as urinary tract lesions, with prospect of kidney damage in complicated cases. In addition, deposited eggs in the tissue, eventually leads to squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder in chronically infected individuals. Microscopic detection of excreted ova in urine samples remains the gold standard diagnostic method, in spite of its inherited low sensitivity, inconsistent egg excretion and unreliable results in chronic phase of the disease. Moreover due to pre-requisite for skilled personals and pricey equipment, PCR-based technologies are of limited use especially in low-income endemic countries. So emergence of loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification (LAMP) seemed a promising technique. Our study evaluated application of LAMP technique in detection of S. haematobium DNA in 69 urine samples of suspected patients for urogenital schistosomiasis, versus conventional urine filtration followed by microscopy ova detection method. Specificity of LAMP was tested using other parasites DNA samples that showed no cross reactivity. Furthermore our results of the calculated diagnostic parameters for sensitivity and specificity for LAMP assay were 100%, with 95% CI (88.78%-100%), and 63.16%, with 95% CI (45.99%-78.19%) respectively, moreover Positive likelihood ratio (LR+) 2.7, and Negative likelihood ratio (LR-) 0.0, which display that LAMPtechnique is an up-to-date simple, sensitive, diagnostic important tool that could be employed in clinical diagnosis in poorly equipped facilities, as well as in surveillance of infectious diseases. As authors knowledge, this is the first national report evaluation of LAMP technique as a promising diagnostic tool for urogenital schistosomiasis.}, keywords = {Urogenital schistosomiasis,S.haematobium,loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification (LAMP)}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88677.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88677_80df54d3a8116d56ccc50ea75c5d2a0d.pdf} } @article { author = {IMAM, MANAR and MAHANA, NOHA and RABEE, IBRAHIM and AMER, NEMAT and EL AMIR, AZZA}, title = {SCHISTOSOMA-SPECIFIC 26 KDA PROTEIN FOR A DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC SCHISTOSOMIASIS}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {309-318}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88678}, abstract = {One of the world wide major public health problems is the schistosomiasis that is caused by Schistosoma (S.) heamatobium. It is also one of the main concerns for the public health community in Egypt. There are several immunodiagnostic methods used for that diagnosis of such disease, but some are more sensitive and specific than others. The purified 26 kDa Schistosoma-specific protein (PSPA-26) detection in serum samples is found out to be more valuable in diagnosis; it also helps in the early diagnosis which will lead to the early treatment before the irreversible damage takes place. PSPA-26 was purified from whole worms by DEAE-Sephadex G-75 ion exchange chromatography and then was injected into rabbits to produce specific polyclonal antibodies (anti-PSPA-26 pAb) which were then used as a primarycapture in the indirect ELISA technique to reveal its reactivity using infected human sera. The anti-PSPA-26 was then labeled with horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) and used as a secondary capture. Sandwich ELISA was done for serum samples of human and hamsters infected with S. heamatobium. The results revealed a sensitivity of 85% for human and 80% for hamster's samples, and a specificity of 95% for human and 91.1% for hamsters samples by comparingthem with those infected with other parasites and control samples. Data obtained concluded that PSPA-26 antigen can be used as a diagnostic marker for S. haematobium infection using the sandwich ELISA which is cost effective and applicable technique.}, keywords = {S. haematobium,PSPA-26,Diagnosis,ELISA}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88678.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88678_da760dedb095509e0f3ba39ecac06dc9.pdf} } @article { author = {ABDELRAHMAN, RAAFAT and MORSY, AYMAN and MORSY, TOSSON}, title = {ASEPTIC MENINGITIS IN ADULTS CAUSING BY VIRUS, BACTERIA, DRUG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO ZOONOTIC PARASITES}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {319-340}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88680}, abstract = {Diagnosis of a patient with aseptic meningitis may be so-difficult because of the large variety of potential etiologic agents as viruses, fungi, parasites and some drugs and the overlap between self-limited viral illnesses and potentially fatal bacterial infections.}, keywords = {Aseptic meningitis,virus,Bacteria,Drug,Zoonotic Parasites}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88680.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88680_43c72e728e02b1df91d7465415ac4149.pdf} } @article { author = {GHETAS, ALY and KUTKAT, MOHAMMAD and AMER, MOHAMMAD and AWAAD, MOHAMMAD}, title = {ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF IBV ISOLATES IN DIFFERENT GOVERNORATES IN EGYPT}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {341-346}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88682}, abstract = {Tracheal swabs and different organs are collected from 17 chicken farms showing respiratory signs and variable mortalities in different governorates. Three successive blind serial passages were performed. Four IBV isolates are detected in vaccinated chickens by RT-PCR and are identified by sequence and phylogenetic analysis of portion of S1 gene. Two IBV isolates, IBV S40 and IBV S61, are related to Mass reference strains (Egypt/F/03, M41, H120, Ma5, and M52). However, IBV S78 and IBV S82 are related to Egyptian variant 2 IBV strains Ck/Eg/BSU- 2/2011 and Ck/Eg/ BSU-3/2011.These results indicate the continuous evolution of Egyptian IBV circulating in chickens despite vaccination using H120 live attenuated vaccine.}, keywords = {IBV,isolation,identification,vaccine,Egypt}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88682.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88682_b496140835945e405bf8a908028b86c0.pdf} } @article { author = {HOUSNY, ALAA EL DIN and AZAB, MARWA and EL BAHNASAWY, MAMDOUH and MOHAMED, ZZA}, title = {MONITORING THE VIRAL LOAD IN HIV PATIENTS UNDER ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY (ART)}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {347-352}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88687}, abstract = {Viral load monitoring is an important factor in managing HIV disease. Antiretroviral therapy is the recommended treatment for HIV patients, and the goal therapy is achieving viral suppression and reducing viral load below the level of detection. Viral load is an important parameter used to monitor the progression of HIV and critically regarding treatment decision. The results of present study revealed that there were statistical significant differences between patients maintained on treatment (GA) and patients without treatment (GB) regarding the viral load, and clearly indicated that adherence to ART playing a role in suppression the viral load supporting the immune system of HIV infected patients. Thesuccess of ART for someone living with HIV depends on, starting the treatment at the right time, choosing the right combination of (ART) and monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment through monitoring the viral load.}, keywords = {Egypt,HIV patients,art,Viral load}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88687.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88687_da5096a64c9703a55be8c16ae8616d58.pdf} } @article { author = {HASSANEIN, AZZA and WAHDAN, MARWA and AL HABASHI, WAFAA}, title = {STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN FERRITIN, BMI AND CRP IN SAUDI YOUNG FEMALES WITH MILD MICROCYTIC ANEMIA IN AL-GHAD COLLEGE, JEDDAH, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {353-360}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88689}, abstract = {The obesity is rapidly increasing health problem. Evidence suggested obesity-related inflammation alters iron metabolism. This study explored correlation between serum ferritin, body mass index (BMI) along with C-reactive protein (CRP), among young females with or without mild microcytic anemia. The study was conducted on 49 students and staff (17- 36years old), AL-Ghad College, divided into: GI (n=30) with normal hemoglobin level ( ≥12 g/dl); GII (n=19), mild microcytic anemia (Hb <12-10g/dl; MCV <80fl), further participants stratification according to their BMI into: underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2); normal weight (BMI ranging 18.5-24.9); overweight and obese (BMI >25) subgroups. Serum ferritin and CRP were performed. Results were statistically analyzed. The results showed that in GI, those with BMI > 25 kg/m2 had significantly higher CRP compared to normal and underweight subgroups (p<0.01), where GII (p<0.01), (p<0.05), respectively. In both groups, increased BMI, was associated with statistically insignificant elevated ferritin, which is significantly correlated with CRP (p< 0.05), yet not correlated with BMI. However, BMI was significantly correlated with CRP, in both (p< 0.05), (p< 0.01) respectively.}, keywords = {serum ferritin,BMI,CRP,young females,mild microcytic anemia}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88689.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88689_5e79f370a606fdd9f5e77727994127cd.pdf} } @article { author = {HUSSIEN, MUBARAK and ALI-ELDIN, FATMA and ADEL, LAMIAA}, title = {ASSESSMENT OF THE DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF CEREBEROSPINAL FLUID INTERLEUKIN-8 LEVEL IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH MENINGITIS}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {361-366}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88691}, abstract = {Meningitis necessitates immediate diagnosis and therapy. It is important to distingu- ish bacterial from aseptic meningitis, as this help to avoid complications and unnece- ssary antibiotic use. This work assessed the diagnostic and prognostic role of cerebro-spinal fluid interleukin-8 (IL- 8) level in adult patients with meningitis. Ninety adult patients with meningitis were studied. They were divided into 3 groups: bacterial, tuberculous and aseptic meningitis. Full clinical examination and laboratory workup of meningitis were done. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-8 levels were assessed. Patients were followed uptill discharge or death. CSF IL-8 level was significantly higher in bacterial and tuberculous meningitis in comparisonto aseptic meningitis. At cut off value 121.77 pg/ml, the area under ROC curve was 0.774 with efficacy 69% for differentiating viral from non-viral meningitis. The test efficacy is low in differentiating tuberculous from bacterial meningitis. There is no correlation of CSF IL-8 levels and disease severity or prognosis.}, keywords = {Bacterial Meningitis,Tuberculous meningitis,Aseptic meningitis,IL-8}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88691.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88691_154d5996e06b7a3d848097fb76d5b799.pdf} } @article { author = {AL-ANTABLY, ABEER and FOUAD, SHAWKY and BASYONI, MAHA and HASSAN, MARWA}, title = {SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC RISK FACTORS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS: A SEROPREVALANCE STUDY IN EGYPT}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {367-374}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88699}, abstract = {Limited data is available on the epidemiologic status of schistosomiasis mansoni in Egypt. The present work aimed to explore the seroepidemiological status of Schistosoma mansoni infection in Egypt by screening inhabitants of different Egyptian governorates and its correlation with morbid symptoms and risk factors. Health questionnaires and indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT) were performed upon a cross-sectional study of 1788 individuals from 22 governorates. Socio-demographic variables included sex, age, residence and canal water contact. A multivariate regression model was used to assess associations between S.mansoni infection and socio-demographic variables. S.mansoni significant titre ≥ 1:160 was detected in 43% of samples. S. mansoni showed the highest prevalence in Al-Fayoum (15.2%), Kafr El-Sheikh (11.2%) then Assiut (10.9%) while the least positive results were from Matrouh (0.2%). This may be the first indication to emerging foci in Cairo, Luxor, Aswan, Suez, Port Said and the Red Sea Governorates. Anti-S.mansoni antibodies were least detected at 11-20ys while they were the highest at 41-50ys, the highest titres (1/1280) were achieved by the age group 31-40ys.Male gender was a risk factor as 48.2% of males were IHAT +ve. Contacting canal water tends to be advantageous for schistosomiasis mansoni as 72.6% had a history of canal contact and 96.7% of them achieved the highest titre. The alteration in the actual prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni in Egypt with emergence of new fociincluding Cairo, Luxor, Aswan, Mersa-Matrouh and the north-eastern province alongside Suez Canal that may be explained by the associated socioepidemiologic risk factors.}, keywords = {Egypt,Schistosoma mansoni,Seroepidemiology,IHAT}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88699.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88699_ddb1ddd1afb7909ee25460814c3d3c52.pdf} } @article { author = {ABDELRAZEK, NOHA and AL-ANTABLY, ABEER and FATHY, MONA and EL-BADRY, AYMAN}, title = {COPRO-MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP. AND GENOTYPES AMONG EGYPTIAN CHILDREN}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {375-386}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88702}, abstract = {Stool samples from 182 diarrhoeic (symptomatic) children and 100 apparently healthy (asymptomatic) children, matched for age, from Aboul-Reesh Cairo University Pediatrics Hospital were examined by ELISA and by nPCR (targeting COWP gene) for the detection of Cryptosporidium. The demographic and environmental data of the diarrhoeic group was recorded. The PCR amplified product of positive cases was then subjected to RFLP by digesting it with the restriction enzyme RsaI. The obtained fragments were resolved by electrophoresis and the bands were visualized and characterized versus a standard. ELISA results demonstrated a prevalence rate of 13.2% (24/182) among diarrhoeic group, and 8% (8/100) among nondiarrheic group, with overall detection rate of 11.3% (32/282). Higher rates of detection were obtained by nested PCR assay among diarrhoeic group 25.8% (47/182) and 16% (16/100) among non-diarrhoeic group with overall detection rate of 22.3% (63/282). Considering nPCR as the reference method, ELISA had a sensitivity of 47.6% and a specificity of 99.1%. RsaI digestion of nPCR product of COWP gene revealed the presence of 2 genotypes: genotype 1with 4 bands (34, 106, 125 and 285) and genotype 2 in which 3 bands (34, 106 and 401). Among the 63 cases with cryptosporidiosis, 53 (88.3%) had genotype 1, and 7 (11.7%) had genotype 2. The higher prevalence of genotype 1 suggests a relatively greater risk of human source of infection than zoonosis.}, keywords = {Cryptosporidium,ELISA,nested PCR}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88702.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88702_1aeca16d93f4fa9d476a62ff38e16c08.pdf} } @article { author = {AL-HARTHI, SAEED}, title = {RETROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION OF PYRIMETHAMINE-SULFADOXINE RESISTANCE INDICATORS IN FALCIPARUM-MALARIA POSITIVE BLOOD SAMPLES FROM SOUTH-WESTERN SAUDI ARABIA}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {387-392}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88704}, abstract = {The efficacy of Sulphadoxine/Pyrimethamine (SP) in Plasmodium falciparum malaria treatment was increasingly compromised by development of parasites’ resistance. Saudi Arabia shifted to new combinations including Artesunat compound during the last decade. We investigated the occurrence of mutations in P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase(Pfdhfr) N51I, C59R and S108N and P. falciparum dihyropteroate synthetase (Pfdhps) A437G and K540D as major indicators of SP resistance in stored DNA extracts of 41 P. falciparum infected specimens collected from KSA southern endemic regions between 2012 and 2014. Analysis of alleles' polymorphisms by Nested-PCR-RFLP showed that 68%, 7%, and 24% of samples carried parasites with Pfdhfr 51I, 59R, and 108N mutant type alleles, respectively. Only one isolate's genotype shared both mutations 51I and 108N. All parasites conserved wild type alleles at codons 437 and 540 of Pfdhps gene.}, keywords = {Falciparum Malaria,Sulphadoxine/Pyrimethamine,resistance,Nested PCRRFLP}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88704.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88704_e62a83ceeaf12bbce1ad184537821454.pdf} } @article { author = {GNAN, MOHAMED and DAHESH, SALWA and ABDEL-HAMID, ISRAA and KAMEL, RADIA}, title = {A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN DIALYSIS AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION REGARDING THE CAUSES AND SURVIVAL PERIOD OF THE PATIENTS IN WESTERN AREA, LIBYA}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {393-398}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88707}, abstract = {As the number of renal failure patients in Libya reached to 3,700 patients (kindly provided by Libyan Ministry of Health), this study aimed to help Libyan people suffering from renal failure to making a wisdom decision about choice of renal transplantation or treatment with dialysis. This study found the main causes of renal failure among people in western area of Libya, due to ages and survival time between patient undergoing dialysis and kidney transplantation. Out of 140 patients’ files that were collected from different hospital and specialized centers in western Libya, 98(70%) patients were treated with dialysis while the rest 42 patients (30%) underwent kidney transplantation. The result also revealed that the mean survival time for those who planted the kidneys was (7.1 years) significantly longer than those treated withdialysis (3.7 years). The mean ages of patients underwent transplantation was (53.4 years) younger than those who were treated with dialysis (44.6). Diabetes and blood pressure complications were the most common diseases associated among both groups while multiple microbial inflammation of kidney was higher among kidney transplanted group. Also, gastrointestinal bacteria and protozoa played a marked role.}, keywords = {Libya,Kidney Failure,dialysis,Kidney transplantation}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88707.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88707_d5a29d8a3540d3c2b531c5166b3c1424.pdf} } @article { author = {HASSAN, EHSSAN}, title = {NEMATODES COMMUNITY INFECTING CHALCIDES OCELLATUS LIZARD AND THEIR RELATION TO SOME ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL FACTORS}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {399-406}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88708}, abstract = {Sixty-eight species from Chalicides ocellatus lizard were captured from Abu Rawash, Giza, Egypt and surveyed for gastrointestinal nematodes. 50% of the lizards were infected. Five species of nematodes were recovered; the nematodes species were Pharyngodon mamillatus, Cosmocerca vrcibradici, Spauligodon petersi, Thelandros schusteri, and Parapharyngodon bulbosus. Prevalence of the infection was varied according to season. The highest prevalence, total intensity, and total abundance were recorded during winter. The prevalence of nematodes species also varied according to the lizard weight. The variation was different from one species to another. Infection with P. mamillatus, P. bulbosus, and C. vrcibradici was higher in females than males. Nematodes abundance and intensity were not related to host sex, exceptfor C. vrcibradici and T. schusteri. In conclusion, the main effect in the nematodes intensity was the season and the lizard weight.}, keywords = {Giza,Egypt,Reptiles,C. ocellatus,Nematodes}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88708.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88708_ce860bd8a62d848e216536f34f7c7254.pdf} } @article { author = {SALEH, AHMAD and AL-AGROUDI, MAHFOUZ and MORSY, TOSSON}, title = {OCCUPATIONAL, NOSOCOMIAL OR HOSPITAL ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSIS}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {407-418}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88710}, abstract = {Toxoplasma gondii is protozoan parasite infects wild and domestic animals including birds, cats, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and poultry. Cats are the definitive host of Toxoplasma and transmitted to other animals or people. There are three forms of T. gondii: the tachyzoite (the rapidly reproducing form), the bradyzoite (a slower reproducing form contained in tissuecysts), and the sporozoite (contained in oocysts). The tachyzoite invade cells in the body where it then multiplies rapidly and can destroy cells. When the cells die, the tachyzoites are released and infect other cells. For this reason, tachyzoites are seen in many tissues and organs throughout the body that are infected during this acute phase of the disease. This is also called the extraintestinal phase of the infection since it can affect all cells outside the intestines in all infected animals. However, only cats have the intestinal phase of the infection. Two or three weeks after the first infection, the Toxoplasma divides more slowly and a protective membrane forms around the parasite cells. The cyst containing the parasites is called a zoitocyst and the cells inside the cyst are called bradyzoites. The tissue cysts are formed primarily in brain, eye, heart muscle, and skeletal muscle. Bradyzoites persist in tissues for many years, possibly for the life of the host. In cats, Toxoplasma infects the small intestine lining where they reproduce asexually. After  a few days of rapid reproduction the cells transform into a sexual form, combine, and become enclosed in a cyst called an oocyst. Oocysts contain the sporozoite form of the Toxoplasma parasite. Oocysts are found in both wild and domestic cats but not in any other animals or birds.}, keywords = {toxoplasma gondii,Occupational Disease,Hospital Acquired Infection}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88710.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88710_0a4ce617596ac420aa003809cd83cfff.pdf} } @article { author = {RAMADAN, MOKHTAR and EBRAHIM, WAFIK and HELAL, EHAB and HAMED, AHMED and MOHMOUD, MAHMOUD}, title = {ROLE OF MRI IN LOCAL STAGING OF RECTAL CANCER AND FOLLOW UP AFTER ADJUVANT AND NEOADJUVANT THERAPY}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {419-428}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88714}, abstract = {This study evaluated the MRI as a diagnostic tool for diagnosis and staging of colorectal carcinoma as well as evaluation of the response to adjuvant and neo adjuvant chemotherapy. Thirty patients were included in this study, 18 males and 12 females with their ages ranged between 32 and 75 years, and the mean age was 52.5 years. All patients were presented with rectal cancer proved by histology. Patients were referred from the outpatient clinics and department of Surgery in Al-Hussein University Hospital during the period from 2009 to 2012. The results showed that all patients were subjected to Pre and Post chemotherapy MRI examinations. At initial MRI examination, the locations of the tumours were as the follow. The lesion located in the lower third in 5 cases, in the middle third in 15 cases, in the upper third of the rectum in 10 cases.}, keywords = {Colorectal carcinoma,MR imaging of colorectal carcinoma,Staging of colorectal carcinoma,follow up of colorectal carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88714.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88714_e7a56ba423b9fee6fd4b793633e278a8.pdf} } @article { author = {ABD ELREHEIM, AMAL and FARID, ALYAA and MAHANA, NOHA and BAUIOMY, IBRAHIUM and ELAMEER, AZZA}, title = {SANDWICH-ELISA DEVELOPMENT FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {429-440}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88726}, abstract = {Toxoplasmosis is one of the most world-wide spread zoonosis representing a very serious clinical and veterinary problem. Although rare, congenital toxoplasmosis can cause severe neurological or ocular disease (leading to blindness) as well as cardiac and cerebral anomalies. Prenatal care must include education about prevention of toxoplasmosis. Thus, a standardized and approachable diagnostic tool for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis is still needed. Serologicaltests are the most widely used biological tools for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis worldwide. Sandwich-ELISA is a solid phase diagnostic method for detection of antigen or antibody that is used widely for diagnosis of protozoan and metazoan diseases of human and animals. In the present study, T. gondii SAG2 antigen was early detected in patient sera using Ssndwich-ELISA, PAb was prepared from anti-rabbit sera and used for coating and as conjugate in Sandwich ELISA technique. 46 patients out of 50 were positive to Toxoplsama spp. with sensitivity and specificity 92% and 90%, respectively. The PPV was 90.2% and NPV was 83.3%. Finally, the result of our study showed that the Sandwich-ELISA designed in our study is easy to perform, not expensive, safe, and simple with good sensitivity and specificity.}, keywords = {Egypt,toxoplasma gondii,pAb,Sandwich-ELISA,SAG2}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88726.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88726_82b43c4e0176c0c2a43c2e4625477da7.pdf} } @article { author = {ABOU-ELHAKAM, HANY and FARID, ALYAA and MAHANA, NOHA and BAUIOMY, IBRAHIUM and ELAMEER, AZZA}, title = {DOT-ELISA AS A FIELD TEST FOR HYDATID DIAGNOSIS}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {441-452}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88731}, abstract = {Cystic hydatid disease (Hydatidosis) is one of the most important parasitic zoonoses and remains a public health and economic problem all over the world. Cyst fluid was obtained from hepatic and pulmonary cysts for demonstration of protoscolices and hooklets. Therefore, a standardized and approachable diagnostic tool for the serodiagnosis of CE is still needed. Dot-ELISA is a solid phase diagnostic method for detection of antigen or antibody that is used widely for diagnosis of protozoan and metazoan diseases of human and animals. In the present study, E. granulosus protoscolex antigen was early detected in patient sera using Dot-ELISA, PAb was prepared from anti-rabbit sera and used for coating and as conjugate in Dot-ELISA technique. 48 patients out of 50 were positive to E. spp. with sensitivity and specificity 96% and 94%, respectively. The PPV was 94% and NPV was 90%. Finally, the present results showed that the Dot-ELISA was easy to perform, not expensive, safe, and with good sensitivity and specificity.}, keywords = {Egypt,cystic echinococcosis,Diagnosis,Dot-ELISA,pAb}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88731.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88731_f3d0db5d1351d207ab90bde836023d29.pdf} } @article { author = {ABDELRAOUF, AMR and BORAII, SHERIF and ELGOHARY, HATEM and MOGAHED, MOHAMED and ELKHOLY, ASHRAF and HAMDY, HOSSAM and HASSAN, A. and HASSANY, MOHAMED and ABDELLATIF, WESSAM}, title = {EVALUATION OF PACKING THE RESIDUAL CAVITY AFTER TOTAL OR PARTIAL CYST RESECTION IN MANAGEMENT OF HEPATIC HYDATID CYSTIC DISEASE}, journal = {Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {453-460}, year = {2016}, publisher = {The Egyptian Society of Parasitology}, issn = {1110-0583}, eissn = {2090-2549}, doi = {10.21608/jesp.2016.88737}, abstract = {Hydatid disease is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the echinococcus tapeworm, that is endemic in many parts of the world (in Europe, Middle East, Mediterranean, South American and African countries). Hydatid disease is a relevant health problem in underdeveloped areas where veterinary control does not exist. The most frequent location of hydatid cystic lesions is the liver (up to 80% of cases), followed by the lung (about 20% of cases), and with a lower reported incidence in any other organ or tissue in the body. Currently, surgical operation remains the treatment of choice in hydatidosis. Many surgical options can be done for management of the cyst, ranging from unroofing of the cyst, pericystectomy, up to liver resection for the affected liver parenchyma site. The cyst cavity can be managed by different techniques, capitonnage, external drainage, introflexion or omentoplasty. The Omentoplasty (OP) filling technique was the method of choice for filling of the Residual Cavity (RC). The omentoplasty filling was done by two procedures Pedicle Omental Pack (POP), and Isolated Omental Pack (IOP); both techniques were applied for the filling of the residual cavity compared to non-filling of the residual cavity after surgery, in our retrospective comparative multicenter study. Seventy six patients operated for hydatid cyst between January 2010 and February 2014 were analysed retrospectively. Either with or without filling of the cavity, and either the filling was with pedicle or isolated omentoplasty were used to treat the residual cyst cavity. Patients were categorised into three groups to evaluate complications: without filling of the RC (GA), omentoplasty filling with Pedicle Omental Pack (GB), and omentoplasty filling with Isolated Omental Pack (GC). The overall mortality rates were 0%. Overall morbidity rates were 57.1% for GA, and 10.3% for GB, and 7.7% for GC respectively. Mean hospital stay was 11.8 days for GA, and 8.1 days for GB, and 8.7 days for GC. The isolated omentoplasty filling technique is a safe management in the filling of the residual cavity after surgery with less operative time and same result as pedicle omentoplasty technique. Because of omentum has a high absorptive capacity and capable to fill the residual cavity, and omentoplasty was recommended (whether with pedicle or isolated omental flap) to manage patients with hydatid cyst of the liver.}, keywords = {Egypt,Human hepatic hydatid cysts,Omentoplasty}, url = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88737.html}, eprint = {https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_88737_09c5cf6b05b2c85d0617e035cf1bb056.pdf} }